Abstract
The physiology of starch degradation in relation to ripening and ethylene was investigated using ‘Tsugaru’ (early-maturing) and ‘Fuji’ (late-maturing) apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Fruits were harvested at immature and mature stages, and treated with ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). In immature fruit of both cultivars, starch content rapidly decreased during storage at 25°C, and 1-MCP had little effect on this change. Ethylene treatment slightly stimulated the degradation of starch, but differences in starch among treatments were small. The respiration rate gradually decreased and ethylene production remained low during storage irrespective of the treatments and cultivars. These results showed that fruit at this stage could not respond to endogenous and exogenous ethylene for inducing the climacteric, and starch degradation did not relate to the climacteric or ethylene. In mature ‘Tsugaru’, 1-MCP treatment significantly inhibited ethylene production and reduced the respiration rate and starch degradation. The effects of 1-MCP and ethylene on starch degradation in mature ‘Fuji’ were small, and starch content decreased drastically in all treatments, although 1-MCP significantly inhibited ethylene production and the respiration rate. It is suggested that ethylene is partially involved in starch degradation in mature ‘Tsugaru’, but not in ‘Fuji’. These results showed that the role of ethylene in starch degradation differs between cultivars and their harvested stages, relating to ripening and physiological characteristics of the fruit.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Starch content rapidly decreased in immature fruit of both cultivars during storage.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.
Malus domesticae1 - Organ / stage
- immature fruite0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- rapidly decreasede0
- Setting
- storage at 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In immature fruit of both cultivars, starch content rapidly decreased during storage at 25°C”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP had little effect on immature fruit starch decline.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- immature fruite1
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- starch contente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP had little effect on this change”
e1“In immature fruit of both cultivars, starch content rapidly decreased during storage at 25°C”
e2“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene slightly stimulated starch degradation in immature fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- immature fruite1
- Treatment
- Ethylene treatmente0
- Outcome
- degradation of starche0
- Direction
- slightly stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene treatment slightly stimulated the degradation of starch, but differences in starch among treatments were small”
e1“In immature fruit of both cultivars”
e2“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiration rate decreased during immature fruit storage regardless of treatment or cultivar.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Outcome
- respiration ratee0
- Direction
- gradually decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The respiration rate gradually decreased and ethylene production remained low during storage irrespective of the treatments and cultivars”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production remained low during immature fruit storage.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- remained lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The respiration rate gradually decreased and ethylene production remained low during storage irrespective of the treatments and cultivars”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature fruit did not respond to ethylene to induce the climacteric.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Outcome
- could not respond to endogenous and exogenous ethylene for inducing the climacterice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit at this stage could not respond to endogenous and exogenous ethylene for inducing the climacteric”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch degradation in immature fruit was not related to the climacteric or ethylene.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- starch degradatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“starch degradation did not relate to the climacteric or ethylene”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP significantly inhibited ethylene production in mature Tsugaru fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Tsugaru’e0
- Organ / stage
- maturee0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mature ‘Tsugaru’, 1-MCP treatment significantly inhibited ethylene production and reduced the respiration rate and starch degradation”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced respiration rate in mature Tsugaru fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Tsugaru’e0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- respiration ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mature ‘Tsugaru’, 1-MCP treatment significantly inhibited ethylene production and reduced the respiration rate and starch degradation”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced starch degradation in mature Tsugaru fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Tsugaru’e0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- starch degradatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mature ‘Tsugaru’, 1-MCP treatment significantly inhibited ethylene production and reduced the respiration rate and starch degradation”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP and ethylene had small effects on starch degradation in mature Fuji fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP and ethylenee0
- Outcome
- starch degradatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of 1-MCP and ethylene on starch degradation in mature ‘Fuji’ were small”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch content fell drastically under all treatments in mature Fuji fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- decreased drasticallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“starch content decreased drastically in all treatments”
e1“mature ‘Fuji’”
e2“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP significantly inhibited ethylene production in mature Fuji fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP significantly inhibited ethylene production and the respiration rate”
e1“mature ‘Fuji’”
e2“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP significantly inhibited respiration rate in mature Fuji fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- respiration ratee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP significantly inhibited ethylene production and the respiration rate”
e1“mature ‘Fuji’”
e2“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene is suggested to be partly involved in starch degradation in mature Tsugaru but not Fuji.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae1
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- starch degradatione0
- Qualifier
- partially involvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that ethylene is partially involved in starch degradation in mature ‘Tsugaru’, but not in ‘Fuji’”
e1“apples (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
The same questions in other papers
1-methylcyclopropene · quality: sugar starch · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
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See all 56 papers →1-methylcyclopropene · physiology: respiration · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
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See all 20 papers →1-methylcyclopropene · physiology: hormones · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 93 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
95 papers more in this group
See all 99 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.