Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid consecutive 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments on apple quality and disorders in storage. ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Spartan’ apples were harvested twice from commercial orchards and 1-MCP (1 μL·L −1 ) was applied postharvest either 1 day after harvest or 1 and 2 days after harvest. Similar fruit from both cultivars were also not treated with 1-MCP, plus an additional treatment of 2 μL·L −1 (double rate) 1-MCP was used on ‘McIntosh’. Fruit were held in either air storage at 0.5 °C for three or six months or in controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage for six or nine months. Overall, 1-MCP treatment improved firmness and acidity retention and reduced internal ethylene in both cultivars. However, ‘Spartan’ stored in CA often maintained these attributes without 1-MCP. ‘McIntosh’ apples treated twice with 1-MCP were often firmer than those treated just once. All 1-MCP treatments substantially reduced superficial scald and there was no difference in scald incidence among the treatments. Core browning was generally reduced by 1-MCP, but fruit treated once with 2 μL·L −1 or twice with 1 μL·L −1 1-MCP sometimes had higher incidence than fruit treated only once with 1 μL·L −1 . ‘Spartan’ treated twice with 1-MCP also had higher incidence of internal browning after nine months. 1-MCP increased the incidence of external CO 2 injury in ‘McIntosh’ from the first harvest, with fruit treated with 2 μL·L −1 having the highest incidence after six months of CA storage and those treated once with 1 μL·L −1 having the highest incidence after nine months. Storage rots were greatest after six months of air storage and 1-MCP treatments usually reduced the incidence, regardless of treatment. These results suggest that using more than the traditional single application of 1 μL·L −1 1-MCP may improve firmness retention, but there is also some risk associated with increased disorders, especially when storing apples long-term, such as for six months in air or nine months in CA storage.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP improved apple firmness and acidity retention.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- firmness and acidity retentione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Overall, 1-MCP treatment improved firmness and acidity retention and reduced internal ethylene in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced internal ethylene in both apple cultivars.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- internal ethylenee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Overall, 1-MCP treatment improved firmness and acidity retention and reduced internal ethylene in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Spartan apples in controlled-atmosphere storage often maintained quality attributes without 1-MCP.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Spartan’e0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- these attributese0
- Comparator
- without 1-MCPe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“‘Spartan’ stored in CA often maintained these attributes without 1-MCP”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-treated McIntosh apples were often firmer than once-treated apples.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- treated twice with 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- firmere0
- Direction
- firmere0
- Comparator
- treated just oncee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“‘McIntosh’ apples treated twice with 1-MCP were often firmer than those treated just once”
Claim · model-written summary
All 1-MCP treatments reduced superficial scald.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmentse0
- Outcome
- superficial scalde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“All 1-MCP treatments substantially reduced superficial scald and there was no difference in scald incidence among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Scald incidence did not differ among the 1-MCP treatments.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmentse0
- Outcome
- scald incidencee0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- among the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“All 1-MCP treatments substantially reduced superficial scald and there was no difference in scald incidence among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP generally reduced core browning.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- Core browninge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Core browning was generally reduced by 1-MCP”
Claim · model-written summary
once with 2 μL·L −1 sometimes increased core browning incidence relative to a single standard application.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- once with 2 μL·L −1e0
- Outcome
- higher incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- once with 1 μL·L −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“fruit treated once with 2 μL·L −1 or twice with 1 μL·L −1 1-MCP sometimes had higher incidence than fruit treated only once with 1 μL·L −1”
Claim · model-written summary
twice with 1 μL·L −1 1-MCP sometimes increased core browning incidence relative to a single standard application.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- twice with 1 μL·L −1 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- higher incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- once with 1 μL·L −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“fruit treated once with 2 μL·L −1 or twice with 1 μL·L −1 1-MCP sometimes had higher incidence than fruit treated only once with 1 μL·L −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-treated Spartan apples had higher internal browning incidence after nine months.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Spartan’e0
- Treatment
- treated twice with 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- internal browninge0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- after nine monthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“‘Spartan’ treated twice with 1-MCP also had higher incidence of internal browning after nine months”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP increased external CO2 injury in first-harvest McIntosh apples.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’e0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- external CO 2 injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- from the first harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“1-MCP increased the incidence of external CO 2 injury in ‘McIntosh’ from the first harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
External CO2 injury incidence was highest for 2 μL·L −1 after six months of CA storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 2 μL·L −1e0
- Outcome
- highest incidencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- after six months of CA storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“fruit treated with 2 μL·L −1 having the highest incidence after six months of CA storage and those treated once with 1 μL·L −1 having the highest incidence after nine months”
Claim · model-written summary
External CO2 injury incidence was highest for once with 1 μL·L −1 after nine months.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- once with 1 μL·L −1e0
- Outcome
- highest incidencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- after nine monthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“fruit treated with 2 μL·L −1 having the highest incidence after six months of CA storage and those treated once with 1 μL·L −1 having the highest incidence after nine months”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage rots were greatest after six months in air storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- six months of air storagee0
- Outcome
- Storage rotse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Storage rots were greatest after six months of air storage and 1-MCP treatments usually reduced the incidence, regardless of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP treatments usually reduced storage rot incidence.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Storage rotse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Storage rots were greatest after six months of air storage and 1-MCP treatments usually reduced the incidence, regardless of treatment”
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