Abstract
Abstract The field experiment was carried out during the spring 2023 season at the Experimental Research Station of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit. The station is situated at a latitude of approximately 34.616°N and a longitude of approximately 43.679°E east of the equator. Four varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) were sown in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a factorial scheme with 3 replications. The main split plots included five levels: concentrations of spraying with nano-and mineral boron (spraying with only distilled water, spraying with mineral boron at a concentration of (1 and 2) ml -1 , and spraying with nano-boron at a concentration of 1 and 2ml -1 , whereas the secondary plots included four varieties of Zea mays L. (namely, Al-Maha, Baghdad, Al-Fajr, and 5018). To find out the effect of concentrations of boron on the growth and quality of grains for varieties of Zea mays L. The experiment proved the superiority of spraying with the mineral boron element 2 mlL -1 in the qualities of the number of days of planting to 50% male flowering (staminate flowering), and the number of days of planting to 50% female flowering (pistillate flowering), plant height and leaf area. Spraying with nano boron 2 mlL -1 has surpassed in the content of chlorophyll and all attributes of grain quality except the percentage of ash. It is noted from the evaluation of the performance of the varieties that Al-Fajir variety exceeded in both qualities the number of days of planting to 50% male flowering and the number of days of planting to 50% female flowering. However, 5018 variety exceeded and gave the highest averages in the following qualities: leaf area and oil percentage in grains, reaching (63.42cm 2 ) and (5.96%) respectively. Whereas, Baghdad variety exceeded in terms of height, chlorophyll content, protein percentage and starch percentage in grains and gave averages of 2.13 cm, 42.92 SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), (9.42%) and (33.85%) respectively. As for the interaction between the varieties and the proportions of boron spraying, the combination (spraying of mineral boron 2 mlL -1 and Baghdad variety) outperformed in the attributes of plant height, chlorophyll content and ash percentage, recording 2.35cm, 45.78 SPAD and (1.40%), respectively. Concerning leaf area, the mineral boron spray surpassed 2 ml -1 with 5018 and gave a value of 711.09cm 2 . These results enable maize growers to select and produce maize varieties with early male and female flowering with an increase in the attributes qualities of the crop.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral boron at 2 mlL -1 was superior for male and female flowering timing.
- Treatment
- spraying with the mineral boron element 2 mlL -1e0
- Outcome
- number of days of planting to 50% male flowering (staminate flowering), and the number of days of planting to 50% female flowering (pistillate flowering)e0
- Direction
- superioritye0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment proved the superiority of spraying with the mineral boron element 2 mlL -1 in the qualities of the number of days of planting to 50% male flowering (staminate flowering), and the number of days of planting to 50% female flowering (pistillate flowering), plant height and leaf area.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral boron at 2 mlL -1 was superior for plant height and leaf area.
- Treatment
- spraying with the mineral boron element 2 mlL -1e0
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf areae0
- Direction
- superioritye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiment proved the superiority of spraying with the mineral boron element 2 mlL -1 in the qualities of the number of days of planting to 50% male flowering (staminate flowering), and the number of days of planting to 50% female flowering (pistillate flowering), plant height and leaf area.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano boron at 2 mlL -1 was superior for chlorophyll content and grain quality attributes except ash percentage.
- Treatment
- Spraying with nano boron 2 mlL -1e0
- Outcome
- content of chlorophyll and all attributes of grain qualitye0
- Direction
- surpassede0
- Qualifier
- except the percentage of ashe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with nano boron 2 mlL -1 has surpassed in the content of chlorophyll and all attributes of grain quality except the percentage of ash.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-Fajir was superior in timing of male and female flowering.
- Material
- Al-Fajire0
- Outcome
- number of days of planting to 50% male flowering and the number of days of planting to 50% female floweringe0
- Direction
- exceedede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al-Fajir variety exceeded in both qualities the number of days of planting to 50% male flowering and the number of days of planting to 50% female flowering.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety 5018 had the highest leaf area at 63.42cm 2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5018 variety exceeded and gave the highest averages in the following qualities: leaf area and oil percentage in grains, reaching (63.42cm 2 ) and (5.96%) respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety 5018 had the highest grain oil percentage at 5.96%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5018 variety exceeded and gave the highest averages in the following qualities: leaf area and oil percentage in grains, reaching (63.42cm 2 ) and (5.96%) respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Baghdad was superior for height at 2.13 cm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Baghdad variety exceeded in terms of height, chlorophyll content, protein percentage and starch percentage in grains and gave averages of 2.13 cm, 42.92 SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), (9.42%) and (33.85%) respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Baghdad was superior for chlorophyll content at 42.92 SPAD.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Baghdad variety exceeded in terms of height, chlorophyll content, protein percentage and starch percentage in grains and gave averages of 2.13 cm, 42.92 SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), (9.42%) and (33.85%) respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Baghdad was superior for grain protein percentage at 9.42%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Baghdad variety exceeded in terms of height, chlorophyll content, protein percentage and starch percentage in grains and gave averages of 2.13 cm, 42.92 SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), (9.42%) and (33.85%) respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Baghdad was superior for grain starch percentage at 33.85%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Baghdad variety exceeded in terms of height, chlorophyll content, protein percentage and starch percentage in grains and gave averages of 2.13 cm, 42.92 SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), (9.42%) and (33.85%) respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral boron 2 mlL -1 with Baghdad outperformed for plant height at 2.35cm.
- Material
- Baghdade0
- Treatment
- spraying of mineral boron 2 mlL -1e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Value
- 2.35cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination (spraying of mineral boron 2 mlL -1 and Baghdad variety) outperformed in the attributes of plant height, chlorophyll content and ash percentage, recording 2.35cm, 45.78 SPAD and (1.40%), respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral boron 2 mlL -1 with Baghdad outperformed for chlorophyll content at 45.78 SPAD.
- Material
- Baghdade0
- Treatment
- spraying of mineral boron 2 mlL -1e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Value
- 45.78 SPADe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination (spraying of mineral boron 2 mlL -1 and Baghdad variety) outperformed in the attributes of plant height, chlorophyll content and ash percentage, recording 2.35cm, 45.78 SPAD and (1.40%), respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral boron 2 mlL -1 with Baghdad outperformed for ash percentage at 1.40%.
- Material
- Baghdade0
- Treatment
- spraying of mineral boron 2 mlL -1e0
- Outcome
- ash percentagee0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Value
- 1.40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination (spraying of mineral boron 2 mlL -1 and Baghdad variety) outperformed in the attributes of plant height, chlorophyll content and ash percentage, recording 2.35cm, 45.78 SPAD and (1.40%), respectively.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral boron with 5018 had superior leaf area at 711.09cm 2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mineral boron spray surpassed 2 ml -1 with 5018 and gave a value of 711.09cm 2”
e1“leaf area, the mineral boron spray surpassed 2 ml -1 with 5018 and gave a value of 711.09cm 2”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
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