Abstract
The study of plant electrophysiology offers promising techniques to track plant health and stress in vivo for both agricultural and environmental monitoring applications. Use of superficial electrodes on the plant body to record surface potentials may provide new phenotyping insights. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a flexible, optically translucent, and water-vapor-permeable material with low manufacturing costs, making it an ideal substrate for non-invasive and non-destructive plant electrodes. This work presents BNC electrodes with screen-printed carbon (graphite) ink-based conductive traces and pads. It investigates the potential of these electrodes for plant surface electrophysiology measurements in comparison to commercially available standard wet gel and needle electrodes. The electrochemically active surface area and impedance of the BNC electrodes varied based on the annealing temperature and time over the ranges of 50 °C to 90 °C and 5 to 60 min, respectively. The water vapor transfer rate and optical transmittance of the BNC substrate were measured to estimate the level of occlusion caused by these surface electrodes on the plant tissue. The total reduction in chlorophyll content under the electrodes was measured after the electrodes were placed on maize leaves for up to 300 h, showing that the BNC caused only a 16% reduction. Maize leaf transpiration was reduced by only 20% under the BNC electrodes after 72 h compared to a 60% reduction under wet gel electrodes in 48 h. On three different model plants, BNC-carbon ink surface electrodes and standard invasive needle electrodes were shown to have a comparable signal quality, with a correlation coefficient of >0.9, when measuring surface biopotentials induced by acute environmental stressors. These are strong indications of the superior performance of the BNC substrate with screen-printed graphite ink as an electrode material for plant surface biopotential recordings.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
BNC electrode active surface area varied with annealing temperature and time.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- electrochemically active surface areae0
- Qualifier
- 50 °C to 90 °C and 5 to 60 mine0
- Comparator
- annealing temperature and timee0
Verbatim
e0“The electrochemically active surface area and impedance of the BNC electrodes varied based on the annealing temperature and time over the ranges of 50 °C to 90 °C and 5 to 60 min, respectively.”
t0“Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BNC electrode impedance varied with annealing temperature and time.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- impedancee0
- Qualifier
- 50 °C to 90 °C and 5 to 60 mine0
- Comparator
- annealing temperature and timee0
Verbatim
e0“The electrochemically active surface area and impedance of the BNC electrodes varied based on the annealing temperature and time over the ranges of 50 °C to 90 °C and 5 to 60 min, respectively.”
t0“Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BNC electrodes reduced maize leaf chlorophyll content by only 16% after placement for up to 300 h.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- BNCe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- up to 300 he0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total reduction in chlorophyll content under the electrodes was measured after the electrodes were placed on maize leaves for up to 300 h, showing that the BNC caused only a 16% reduction.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNC electrodes reduced maize leaf transpiration by 20% after 72 h.
- Treatment
- BNC electrodese0
- Outcome
- leaf transpiratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- after 72 he0
- Comparator
- wet gel electrodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize leaf transpiration was reduced by only 20% under the BNC electrodes after 72 h compared to a 60% reduction under wet gel electrodes in 48 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet gel electrodes reduced maize leaf transpiration by 60% in 48 h.
- Treatment
- wet gel electrodese0
- Outcome
- leaf transpiratione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Qualifier
- in 48 he0
- Comparator
- BNC electrodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize leaf transpiration was reduced by only 20% under the BNC electrodes after 72 h compared to a 60% reduction under wet gel electrodes in 48 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
BNC-carbon ink surface and needle electrodes had comparable signal quality across three model plants, with correlation coefficient above 0.9.
Verbatim
e0“On three different model plants, BNC-carbon ink surface electrodes and standard invasive needle electrodes were shown to have a comparable signal quality, with a correlation coefficient of >0.9, when measuring surface biopotentials induced by acute environmental stressors.”
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