Abstract
Nutrient solution culture experiment was conducted to study effect of Ca on plant growth, chlorophyll , malondialdehyde concentration and activities of nitrate reductase, ATPase , superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA POD), guaiacol peroxidase and catalase (CAT) in maize (Zea mays L ) under Cd stress The results showed that: (1) Plants under Cd stress showed wilt, chlorosis, necrosis in leaves and black in roots; biomass of shoots and roots without Ca supply combining Cd stress strongly decreased The addition of Ca to solution could increase the biomass of plants and alleviated the Cd toxicity Plants with foliar application CaCl 2 still had the symptom of Cd toxicity and low biomass weight (2) With the addition of Cd to solution, Cd concentration in roots and shoots of maize increased significantly and Cd concentration in roots were more than shoots Ca depressed the translocation of Cd from roots to tops of maize, but had no apparent effect on the absorption of Cd by roots because the concentration of Cd in roots of maize had little difference between the treatment without Ca supply combined Cd and the treatment with Ca supply combined with Cd Whereas Cd concentration in shoots with Ca supply were higher than those without Ca supply Foliar application CaCl 2 four times could increased Cd concentration in shoots compared with foliar application CaCl 2 two times (3) The contents of chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves of maize without Ca supply decreased Cd addition also markedly decreased the chlorophyll pigments and increased Chl a/Chl b ratio Chlorophyll content in leaves were significantly enhanced by Ca supply to roots in solution containing Cd Foliar application CaCl 2 couldn't prevent effect of Cd on chlorophyll in leaves Stopping Ca supply and adding Cd to solution or stopping Cd supply and adding Ca to solution partly reduced effect of Cd on chlorophyll in leaves (4)The activities of nitrate reductase in leaves and ATPase in roots of maize were inhibited by the treatments without Ca or with Cd supply, especially in those leaves under combination stress without Ca and Cd supply Whereas the activities of nitrate reductase in leaves and ATPase in roots of maize under Cd stress were enhanced by Ca supply (5) In those leaves and roots of maize without Ca supply, the activities of ATPase and endogenous oxygen radicals scavenging enzymes systems including SOD, AsA POD, guaiacol POD and CAT were higher than those of plants with such treatments as Ca supply continuously, stopping Ca supply adding Cd ,stopping Cd addition and resupply Ca concentration of malondialdehyde in leaves also remain pronounced levels Foliar application CaCl 2 couldn't weakened the effect of Cd on endogenous oxygen radicals scavenging enzymes systems and malondialdehyde in plants, however increased the activities of ATPase in leaves In conclusion, Ca supply in root could alleviated Cd toxicity on growth, chlorophyll content and the effects of Cd on the activities of nitrite reductase , ATPase and endogenous oxygen radicals scavenging enzymes systems such as SOD, AsA POD, guaiacol POD and CAT in maize
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress produced leaf wilt, chlorosis and necrosis and black roots.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants under Cd stress showed wilt, chlorosis, necrosis in leaves and black in roots”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Without calcium under cadmium stress, shoot and root biomass decreased strongly.
- Treatment
- without Ca supply combining Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- biomass of shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- strongly decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biomass of shoots and roots without Ca supply combining Cd stress strongly decreased”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium addition increased plant biomass and alleviated cadmium toxicity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Ca to solution could increase the biomass of plants and alleviated the Cd toxicity”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CaCl 2 left cadmium toxicity symptoms and low biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants with foliar application CaCl 2 still had the symptom of Cd toxicity and low biomass weight”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium addition significantly increased cadmium concentration in maize roots and shoots.
- Treatment
- addition of Cd to solutione0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in roots and shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of Cd to solution, Cd concentration in roots and shoots of maize increased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Root cadmium concentration exceeded shoot concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd concentration in roots were more than shoots”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium depressed cadmium translocation from roots to tops.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca depressed the translocation of Cd from roots to tops of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium had no apparent effect on cadmium absorption by roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca depressed the translocation of Cd from roots to tops of maize, but had no apparent effect on the absorption of Cd by roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentration in shoots was higher with calcium supply.
- Treatment
- Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- without Ca supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd concentration in shoots with Ca supply were higher than those without Ca supply”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Four foliar CaCl 2 applications increased shoot cadmium concentration relative to two.
- Treatment
- Foliar application CaCl 2 four timese0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- foliar application CaCl 2 two timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application CaCl 2 four times could increased Cd concentration in shoots compared with foliar application CaCl 2 two times”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Withholding calcium reduced leaf chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll.
- Treatment
- without Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves of maize without Ca supply decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium addition decreased chlorophyll pigments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd addition also markedly decreased the chlorophyll pigments and increased Chl a/Chl b ratio”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium addition increased the chlorophyll a/b ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd addition also markedly decreased the chlorophyll pigments and increased Chl a/Chl b ratio”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root calcium supply under cadmium significantly enhanced leaf chlorophyll content.
- Treatment
- Ca supply to roots in solution containing Cde0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll content in leavese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content in leaves were significantly enhanced by Ca supply to roots in solution containing Cd”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CaCl 2 did not prevent the cadmium effect on leaf chlorophyll.
- Treatment
- Foliar application CaCl 2e0
- Outcome
- effect of Cd on chlorophyll in leavese0
- Direction
- couldn't prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application CaCl 2 couldn't prevent effect of Cd on chlorophyll in leaves”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing calcium and cadmium supply partly reduced the cadmium effect on leaf chlorophyll.
- Treatment
- stopping Cd supply and adding Ca to solutione0
- Outcome
- effect of Cd on chlorophyll in leavese0
- Direction
- partly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stopping Ca supply and adding Cd to solution or stopping Cd supply and adding Ca to solution partly reduced effect of Cd on chlorophyll in leaves”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of calcium or cadmium inhibited leaf nitrate reductase and root ATPase activity.
- Treatment
- treatments without Ca or with Cd supplye0
- Outcome
- activities of nitrate reductase in leaves and ATPase in rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of nitrate reductase in leaves and ATPase in roots of maize were inhibited by the treatments without Ca or with Cd supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium supply under cadmium enhanced leaf nitrate reductase and root ATPase activity.
- Treatment
- Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- activities of nitrate reductase in leaves and ATPase in rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of nitrate reductase in leaves and ATPase in roots of maize under Cd stress were enhanced by Ca supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Without calcium, ATPase and oxygen radical scavenging enzyme activities were higher than in the compared treatments.
- Treatment
- without Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- activities of ATPase and endogenous oxygen radicals scavenging enzymes systemse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Ca supply continuouslye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without Ca supply, the activities of ATPase and endogenous oxygen radicals scavenging enzymes systems including SOD, AsA POD, guaiacol POD and CAT were higher than those of plants with such treatments as Ca supply continuously”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CaCl 2 increased leaf ATPase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application CaCl 2 couldn't weakened the effect of Cd on endogenous oxygen radicals scavenging enzymes systems and malondialdehyde in plants, however increased the activities of ATPase in leaves”
t0“maize”
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See all 29 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.