Abstract
Fall Armyworm (FAW) has been a significant pest control issue since its invasion of Africa in 2016.Even though chemical pesticides pose risks to humans and the environment, they have been the most widely used short-term control method for FAW.A bio-efficacy study involving nine synthetic insecticides and one biopesticide was conducted in Zambia in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate their effectiveness against FAW and possible inclusion in an IPM strategy.The bioassay results revealed that all tested insecticides caused over 50% FAW larval mortality, with Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron, and Chlorpyifos+Cypermethrin being the most toxic.In the field trials, Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron was the most effective insecticide, producing the least infestation (24.1%) and the highest grain yield (4817kg/ha), followed by Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin (26.4% and 4695kg/ha, respectively).Imidacloprid was the least effective, with a 32.5% infestation and a 4289kg/ha grain yield.On average, synthetic insecticides reduced FAW infestation, larval population, and leaf damage by more than 12-15% compared to the biopesticide Azadirachtin and 40-50% less infestation than the untreated control.Higher efficacy was also correlated with reduced grain damage, low cob rot infection, and higher grain yield in comparison with the untreated control.These insecticides could therefore be suitable components of an integrated pest management program for FAW in small-holder maize production, and three well-timed spray applications would successfully suppress the pest.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
All tested insecticides caused more than 50% fall armyworm larval mortality.
- Treatment
- all tested insecticidese0
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- FAW larval mortalitye0
- Direction
- overe0
- Value
- over 50%e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“all tested insecticides caused over 50% FAW larval mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron, and Chlorpyifos+Cypermethrin were the most toxic in bioassays.
- Treatment
- Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron, and Chlorpyifos+Cypermethrine0
- Outcome
- most toxice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“with Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron, and Chlorpyifos+Cypermethrin being the most toxic”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron produced the least field infestation, 24.1%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron was the most effective insecticide, producing the least infestation (24.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron produced the highest grain yield, 4817kg/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Emamectin benzoate+Lufenuron was the most effective insecticide, producing the least infestation (24.1%) and the highest grain yield (4817kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin yielded 26.4% infestation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin (26.4% and 4695kg/ha, respectively)”
e1“producing the least infestation (24.1%) and the highest grain yield (4817kg/ha), followed by Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin (26.4% and 4695kg/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin yielded 4695kg/ha grain.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin (26.4% and 4695kg/ha, respectively)”
e1“producing the least infestation (24.1%) and the highest grain yield (4817kg/ha), followed by Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin (26.4% and 4695kg/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid was least effective, with 32.5% infestation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Imidacloprid was the least effective, with a 32.5% infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid was least effective, with 4289kg/ha grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Imidacloprid was the least effective, with a 32.5% infestation and a 4289kg/ha grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic insecticides reduced infestation, larval population and leaf damage by more than 12-15% relative to Azadirachtin.
- Treatment
- synthetic insecticidese0
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- FAW infestation, larval population, and leaf damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- more than 12-15%e0
- Comparator
- biopesticide Azadirachtine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“synthetic insecticides reduced FAW infestation, larval population, and leaf damage by more than 12-15% compared to the biopesticide Azadirachtin”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic insecticides caused 40-50% less infestation than untreated control.
- Treatment
- synthetic insecticidese0
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 40-50%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“synthetic insecticides reduced FAW infestation, larval population, and leaf damage by more than 12-15% compared to the biopesticide Azadirachtin and 40-50% less infestation than the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher efficacy correlated with reduced grain damage, low cob rot infection and higher grain yield.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Higher efficacy was also correlated with reduced grain damage, low cob rot infection, and higher grain yield in comparison with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose these insecticides as components of integrated pest management for fall armyworm in small-holder maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“These insecticides could therefore be suitable components of an integrated pest management program for FAW in small-holder maize production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose three well-timed sprays to suppress the pest.
- Outcome
- three well-timed spray applications would successfully suppress the peste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“three well-timed spray applications would successfully suppress the pest”
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See all 10 papers →emamectin · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
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insecticide · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
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See all 62 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.