Abstract
Rice is the most consumed food in the world, mainly in Asia and Africa. Malaysia is the second-largest rice importer in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. However, rice yield is limited by water stress. One alternative for a quicker strategy to mitigate water stress is through a combination of foliar spermine application and efficient rice management practices via image monitoring techniques using drone technology. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of spermine on rice physiological response and its association with aerial imagery and yield under reproductive during reproductive stage under water stress. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a two-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD), with foliar spermine treatment as the first factor and water stress as the second factor. Physiological parameters showed significantly higher tiller number per pot and photosynthesis rate by 29% and 31%, respectively. Correspondingly, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using aerial imagery monitoring showed an increased value in spermine treatments by 2% compared to control. Furthermore, NDVI readings and photosynthetic rate were positively correlated linearly with R2= 0.51. Interestingly, spermine treatments alleviated water stress effects by 40%, 17% and 12% in grain weight per pot, grain number per panicle and percentage filled grain. Biomass partitioning in roots improved by 44% in spermine treatments, even under water stress, due to an efficient translocation of assimilates. In conclusion, spermine foliar application significantly improved growth, grain filling and rice yield production, which was also supported by NDVI values using aerial imagery monitoring.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine increased rice tiller number per pot by 29%.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- foliar spermine treatmente1
- Outcome
- tiller number per pote0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher tiller number per pot and photosynthesis rate by 29% and 31%, respectively”
e1“foliar spermine treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine increased rice photosynthesis rate by 31%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spermine treatmente1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher tiller number per pot and photosynthesis rate by 29% and 31%, respectively”
e1“foliar spermine treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine increased aerial imagery NDVI by 2% relative to control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spermine treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using aerial imagery monitoring showed an increased value in spermine treatments by 2% compared to control”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI readings and photosynthetic rate were positively correlated, R2=0.51.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- NDVI readings and photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- R2= 0.51e0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NDVI readings and photosynthetic rate were positively correlated linearly with R2= 0.51”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine alleviated water stress effects on grain weight per pot by 40%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spermine treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain weight per pote0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spermine treatments alleviated water stress effects by 40%, 17% and 12% in grain weight per pot, grain number per panicle and percentage filled grain”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine alleviated water stress effects on grain number per panicle by 17%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spermine treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain number per paniclee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spermine treatments alleviated water stress effects by 40%, 17% and 12% in grain weight per pot, grain number per panicle and percentage filled grain”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine alleviated water stress effects on percentage filled grain by 12%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spermine treatmentse0
- Outcome
- percentage filled graine0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Value
- 12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spermine treatments alleviated water stress effects by 40%, 17% and 12% in grain weight per pot, grain number per panicle and percentage filled grain”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine improved root biomass partitioning by 44% even under water stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spermine treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Biomass partitioning in rootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Qualifier
- even under water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass partitioning in roots improved by 44% in spermine treatments, even under water stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved root biomass partitioning to efficient assimilate translocation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- spermine treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Biomass partitioning in rootse0
- Qualifier
- efficient translocation of assimilatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass partitioning in roots improved by 44% in spermine treatments, even under water stress, due to an efficient translocation of assimilates”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
spermine · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →spermine · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
spermine · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →application · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →application · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
644 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
687 papers more in this group
See all 691 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.