Abstract
Abstract Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is a worldwide bacterial disease affecting tomato plants. Very few control methods exist and their efficacy is limited. In recent years, plant extracts were studied for their potential as a safe and eco‐friendly alternative to the use of chemical pesticides to control plant diseases. Recent work performed by our group revealed the antibacterial activity of an ethanolic sugar maple autumn‐shed leaf (SMASL) extract against bacterial plant pathogens. To further investigate the antibacterial and prophylactic potential of SMASL against bacterial canker, assays were performed (a) to determine the polyphenol content and the in vitro antibacterial activity of sugar maple leaf extracts against Cmm, (b) to evaluate the potential of SMASL extracts as a seed treatment against Cmm and (c) as a foliar application to control bacterial canker development in greenhouse‐ and field‐grown tomato plants. Variations in polyphenol content and antibacterial activity of sugar maple leaf extracts were studied monthly for a period of 2 years. Although polyphenol contents varied significantly, minimum inhibitory concentrations were constant between 1.56 and 3.13 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 12.5 and 25 mg/mL. SMASL extract at 25 mg/mL completely eliminated the pathogen from tomato seeds without negatively impacting on germination. SMASL extract foliar spray applications using concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL significantly repressed disease development under greenhouse and field conditions, showing better efficacy than copper octanoate. The antibacterial activity of SMASL extracts against Cmm shows great potential to control Cmm and bacterial canker in tomato.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol contents of sugar maple leaf extracts varied significantly over the 2-year monthly study.
- Taxon
- Sugar maple
Acer saccharumt0 - Outcome
- polyphenol contentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Although polyphenol contents varied significantly”
t0“Sugar maple leaf extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of sugar maple leaf extracts against Cmm were constant, between 1.56 and 3.13 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Sugar mapleAcer saccharumt0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen - Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentrationse1
- Value
- between 1.56 and 3.13 mg/mLe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“minimum inhibitory concentrations were constant between 1.56 and 3.13 mg/mL”
t0“Sugar maple leaf extracts”
t1“Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum bactericidal concentrations of sugar maple leaf extracts against Cmm were between 12.5 and 25 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Sugar mapleAcer saccharumt0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- minimum bactericidal concentrationse1
- Value
- between 12.5 and 25 mg/mLe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“minimum bactericidal concentrations between 12.5 and 25 mg/mL”
t0“Sugar maple leaf extracts”
t1“Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
SMASL extract at 25 mg/mL completely eliminated the pathogen from tomato seeds.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- SMASL extract at 25 mg/mLe1
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogene1
- Direction
- completely eliminatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SMASL extract at 25 mg/mL completely eliminated the pathogen from tomato seeds without negatively impacting on germination”
t1“Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
SMASL extract at 25 mg/mL did not negatively impact germination of tomato seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- SMASL extract at 25 mg/mLe1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SMASL extract at 25 mg/mL completely eliminated the pathogen from tomato seeds without negatively impacting on germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray of SMASL extract at 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL significantly repressed bacterial canker development in tomato under greenhouse and field conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SMASL extract foliar spray applications using concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mLe1
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease developmente1
- Direction
- repressede1
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SMASL extract foliar spray applications using concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL significantly repressed disease development under greenhouse and field conditions”
t0“bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
Claim · model-written summary
SMASL foliar spray showed better efficacy than copper octanoate in controlling bacterial canker of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SMASL extract foliar spray applications using concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mLe1
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensist0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- copper octanoatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SMASL extract foliar spray applications using concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL significantly repressed disease development under greenhouse and field conditions, showing better efficacy than copper octanoate”
t0“bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis”
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