Abstract
Salinity stress significantly impacts crops, disrupting their water balance and nutrient uptake, reducing growth, yield, and overall plant health. High salinity in soil can adversely affect plants by disrupting their water balance. Excessive salt levels can lead to dehydration, hinder nutrient absorption, and damage plant cells, ultimately impairing growth and reducing crop yields. Gallic acid (GA) and zinc ferrite (ZnFNP) can effectively overcome this problem. GA can promote root growth, boost photosynthesis, and help plants absorb nutrients efficiently. However, their combined application as an amendment against drought still needs scientific justification. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles possess many beneficial properties for soil remediation and medical applications. That's why the current study used a combination of GA and ZnFNP as amendments to wheat. There were 4 treatments, i.e., 0, 10 µM GA, 15 μM GA, and 20 µM GA, without and with 5 μM ZnFNP applied in 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results exhibited that 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control. Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP. Furthermore, improvement in N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoot verified the effective functioning of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP compared to control. In conclusion, 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP can potentially improve the growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes of wheat cultivated in salinity stress. More investigations are suggested to declare 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different cereal crops.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
shoot length improved by 28.62% under combined GA and ZnFNP relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 28.62%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
shoot fresh weight improved by 16.52% under combined GA and ZnFNP relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 16.52%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
shoot dry weight improved by 11.38% under combined GA and ZnFNP relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 11.38%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
root length improved by 3.64% under combined GA and ZnFNP relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 3.64%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
root fresh weight improved by 14.72% under combined GA and ZnFNP relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 14.72%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
root dry weight improved by 9.71% under combined GA and ZnFNP relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 9.71%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorophyll a increased by 19.76% with combined GA and ZnFNP over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Value
- 19.76%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorophyll b increased by 25.16% with combined GA and ZnFNP over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Value
- 25.16%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP”
Claim · model-written summary
total chlorophyll increased by 21.35% with combined GA and ZnFNP over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Value
- 21.35%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP”
Claim · model-written summary
photosynthetic rate increased by 12.72% with combined GA and ZnFNP over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Value
- 12.72%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP”
Claim · model-written summary
transpiration rate increased by 10.09% with combined GA and ZnFNP over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Value
- 10.09%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP”
Claim · model-written summary
stomatal conductance increased by 15.25% with combined GA and ZnFNP over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
- Value
- 15.25%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined GA and ZnFNP improved N, P and K concentration in grain and shoot compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNPe0
- Outcome
- N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoote0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement in N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoot verified the effective functioning of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP compared to control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further investigation before declaring combined GA and ZnFNP the best salinity amendment for cereal crops.
Verbatim
e0“More investigations are suggested to declare 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different cereal crops”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Gibberellic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
63 papers more in this group
See all 67 papers →Gibberellic acid · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Gibberellic acid · physiology: gas exchange · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Gibberellic acid · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.