Abstract
Osmotic stress is a significant concern in agricultural crop production as it can harm crop growth, development, and productivity. Agriculture crops are particularly vulnerable to osmotic stress due to their reliance on water availability for various physiological processes. Organic amendments like activated carbon biochar and growth hormone gibberellic acid (GA3) can play a vital role. However, the time needed is to modify the established amendment to achieve better results. That's why the current study used potassium-enriched biochar (KBC = 0.75%) with and without GA3 (15 mg/L) as amendments under no osmotic stress and osmotic stress in wheat. Results showed that GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS). A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, while the decline in electrolyte leakage of wheat, also validated the effectiveness of GA3 + KBC over control in OS. In conclusion, GA3 + KBC is the most effective among all applied treatments for improving wheat growth attributes under no osmotic and osmotic stress. Further research is needed at the field level, focusing on various cereal crops, to establish GA3 + KBC as the optimal treatment for effectively mitigating the impacts of osmotic stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat germination by 9.44% over control under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Value
- 9.44%e1
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress (OS)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat shoot length by 29.30% over control under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Value
- 29.30%e1
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress (OS)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat root length by 21.85% over control under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Value
- 21.85%e1
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress (OS)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat shoot fresh weight by 13.56% over control under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Value
- 13.56%e1
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress (OS)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat shoot dry weight (68.38) over control under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Value
- 68.38e1
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress (OS)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat root fresh weight by 32.68% over control under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe1
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Value
- 32.68%e1
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress (OS)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat root dry weight by 28.79% over control under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Value
- 28.79%e1
- Qualifier
- under osmotic stress (OS)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“GA3 + KBC caused significant enhancement in germination (9.44%), shoot length (29.30%), root length (21.85%), shoot fresh weight (13.56%), shoot dry weight (68.38), root fresh weight (32.68%) and root dry weight (28.79%) of wheat over control under osmotic stress (OS)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar significantly enhanced wheat chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll over control in osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophylle2
- Direction
- enhancemente2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, while the decline in electrolyte leakage of wheat, also validated the effectiveness of GA3 + KBC over control in OS”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar decreased electrolyte leakage of wheat relative to control in osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee2
- Direction
- declinee2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, while the decline in electrolyte leakage of wheat, also validated the effectiveness of GA3 + KBC over control in OS”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 plus potassium-enriched biochar was the most effective of all applied treatments for wheat growth attributes under no and osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- GA3 + KBCe3
- Outcome
- wheat growth attributese3
- Direction
- most effectivee3
- Comparator
- all applied treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In conclusion, GA3 + KBC is the most effective among all applied treatments for improving wheat growth attributes under no osmotic and osmotic stress”
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