Abstract
To investigate the effect of horsetail extract containing high silicon on morphological traits, growth, content, and compositions of essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) an experiment turned into carried out in the shape of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Foliar treatment of horsetail extract with zero, 0.5, 1, and 2% concentrations was applied on 6-8 leaf plants. The assessed traits include plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of sub-branches, leaf area index, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, total anthocyanin, the content of total phenol and total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, essential oil content, and compounds were measured. The findings demonstrated that the increase of silicon-containing horsetail extract enhanced the improved increase in growth and phytochemical trait values. The use of horsetail extract in the 2% treatment increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of sub-branches, leaf area index, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant by 49.79, 45.61, 91.09, 99.78, 52.78 and 109.25%, respectively, compared to the control. The highest content of total phenol (2.12 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (1.73 mg RE/g DW), total anthocyanin (0.83 mg C3G/g DW), and antioxidant activity (184.3 µg/ml) was observed in the 2% extract treatment. The content of essential oil increased with increasing the concentration of horsetail extract, so the highest amount of essential oil was obtained at the concentration of 2%, which increased by 134.78% compared to the control. By using GC-MS, the essential oil was analyzed. The main components of the essential oil include methyl eugenol (12.93-25.93%), eugenol (17.63-27.51%), 1,8-cineole (15.63-20.84%), linalool (8.31-19.63%) and (Z)-caryophyllene (6.02-14.93%). Increasing the concentration of horsetail extract increased the compounds of eugenol, 1,8-cineole, and linalool in essential oil compared to the control, but decreased the compounds of methyl eugenol and (Z)-caryophyllene. Foliar spraying of horsetail extract, which contains high amounts of silicon, as a stimulant and biological fertilizer, can be a beneficial ingredient in increasing the yield and production of medicinal plants, especially in organic essential oil production.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At 2%, horsetail extract raised plant height by 49.79%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Ocimum basilicumt0 - Treatment
- horsetail extract in the 2% treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49.79e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of horsetail extract in the 2% treatment increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of sub-branches, leaf area index, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant by 49.79, 45.61, 91.09, 99.78, 52.78 and 109.25%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2%, horsetail extract raised leaf number by 45.61%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- horsetail extract in the 2% treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.61e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of horsetail extract in the 2% treatment increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of sub-branches, leaf area index, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant by 49.79, 45.61, 91.09, 99.78, 52.78 and 109.25%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2%, horsetail extract raised sub-branch number by 91.09%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- horsetail extract in the 2% treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of sub-branchese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 91.09e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of horsetail extract in the 2% treatment increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of sub-branches, leaf area index, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant by 49.79, 45.61, 91.09, 99.78, 52.78 and 109.25%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2%, horsetail extract raised leaf area index by 99.78%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- horsetail extract in the 2% treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 99.78e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of horsetail extract in the 2% treatment increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of sub-branches, leaf area index, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant by 49.79, 45.61, 91.09, 99.78, 52.78 and 109.25%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2%, horsetail extract raised fresh weight by 52.78%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- horsetail extract in the 2% treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.78e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of horsetail extract in the 2% treatment increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of sub-branches, leaf area index, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant by 49.79, 45.61, 91.09, 99.78, 52.78 and 109.25%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2%, horsetail extract raised dry weight by 109.25%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- horsetail extract in the 2% treatmente0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 109.25%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of horsetail extract in the 2% treatment increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of sub-branches, leaf area index, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant by 49.79, 45.61, 91.09, 99.78, 52.78 and 109.25%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenol content peaked at 2.12 mg GAE/g DW under 2% extract.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 2% extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- content of total phenole0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.12 mg GAE/g DWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest content of total phenol (2.12 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (1.73 mg RE/g DW), total anthocyanin (0.83 mg C3G/g DW), and antioxidant activity (184.3 µg/ml) was observed in the 2% extract treatment”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total flavonoid content peaked at 1.73 mg RE/g DW under 2% extract.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 2% extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- total flavonoide0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.73 mg RE/g DWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest content of total phenol (2.12 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (1.73 mg RE/g DW), total anthocyanin (0.83 mg C3G/g DW), and antioxidant activity (184.3 µg/ml) was observed in the 2% extract treatment”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total anthocyanin peaked at 0.83 mg C3G/g DW under 2% extract.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 2% extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- total anthocyanine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.83 mg C3G/g DWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest content of total phenol (2.12 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (1.73 mg RE/g DW), total anthocyanin (0.83 mg C3G/g DW), and antioxidant activity (184.3 µg/ml) was observed in the 2% extract treatment”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity peaked at 184.3 µg/ml under 2% extract.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 2% extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 184.3 µg/mle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest content of total phenol (2.12 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (1.73 mg RE/g DW), total anthocyanin (0.83 mg C3G/g DW), and antioxidant activity (184.3 µg/ml) was observed in the 2% extract treatment”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil content increased with horsetail extract concentration.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- horsetail extracte0
- Outcome
- content of essential oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of essential oil increased with increasing the concentration of horsetail extract”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2% extract raised essential oil content by 134.78% against control.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- concentration of 2%e0
- Outcome
- amount of essential oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 134.78%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest amount of essential oil was obtained at the concentration of 2%, which increased by 134.78% compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl eugenol was a main oil component at 12.93-25.93%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- methyl eugenole0
- Value
- 12.93-25.93%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main components of the essential oil include methyl eugenol (12.93-25.93%), eugenol (17.63-27.51%), 1,8-cineole (15.63-20.84%), linalool (8.31-19.63%) and (Z)-caryophyllene (6.02-14.93%)”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eugenol was a main oil component at 17.63-27.51%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- eugenole0
- Value
- 17.63-27.51%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main components of the essential oil include methyl eugenol (12.93-25.93%), eugenol (17.63-27.51%), 1,8-cineole (15.63-20.84%), linalool (8.31-19.63%) and (Z)-caryophyllene (6.02-14.93%)”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
1,8-cineole was a main oil component at 15.63-20.84%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- 1,8-cineolee0
- Value
- 15.63-20.84%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main components of the essential oil include methyl eugenol (12.93-25.93%), eugenol (17.63-27.51%), 1,8-cineole (15.63-20.84%), linalool (8.31-19.63%) and (Z)-caryophyllene (6.02-14.93%)”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Linalool was a main oil component at 8.31-19.63%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- linaloole0
- Value
- 8.31-19.63%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main components of the essential oil include methyl eugenol (12.93-25.93%), eugenol (17.63-27.51%), 1,8-cineole (15.63-20.84%), linalool (8.31-19.63%) and (Z)-caryophyllene (6.02-14.93%)”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
(Z)-caryophyllene was a main oil component at 6.02-14.93%.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- (Z)-caryophyllenee0
- Value
- 6.02-14.93%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main components of the essential oil include methyl eugenol (12.93-25.93%), eugenol (17.63-27.51%), 1,8-cineole (15.63-20.84%), linalool (8.31-19.63%) and (Z)-caryophyllene (6.02-14.93%)”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentration increased eugenol, 1,8-cineole and linalool in oil.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing the concentration of horsetail extracte0
- Outcome
- eugenol, 1,8-cineole, and linalool in essential oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the concentration of horsetail extract increased the compounds of eugenol, 1,8-cineole, and linalool in essential oil compared to the control”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher extract concentration decreased methyl eugenol and (Z)-caryophyllene.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- methyl eugenol and (Z)-caryophyllenee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the compounds of methyl eugenol and (Z)-caryophyllene”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend foliar horsetail extract for medicinal plant and organic essential oil production.
- Taxon
- basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying of horsetail extracte0
- Outcome
- increasing the yield and production of medicinal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of horsetail extract, which contains high amounts of silicon, as a stimulant and biological fertilizer, can be a beneficial ingredient in increasing the yield and production of medicinal plants, especially in organic essential oil production”
t0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
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