Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits performance of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), which is an important aromatic plant for flavor foods and traditional medicines. The influence of palm pollen grains extract (PGE) on growth, physio-biochemical attributes, water use efficiency (WUE), anatomical characteristics and antioxidant defense system components in basil plants was investigated under normal and water deficit stress conditions. The PGE was exogenously applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 1.0 g L‒1 to plants under full (70% of soil water-holding capacity; SWHC) or deficit irrigation (DI; 50% of SWHC) in a pot experiment repeated three times. Exposing basil plants to drought stress significantly disorganized their performance including oil yield and anatomical features, but increased their antioxidant defense system components. However, the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid. Antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content (RWC), WUE, and anatomical characteristics were also improved, while electrolyte leakage was significantly diminished compared to the corresponding control. Therefore, results obtained in this study recommend using PGE at 1.0 g L‒1 as a foliar application strategy for Ocimum basilicum plants grown under DI stress to maintain higher RWC and WUE, and lower EL, and improve plant growth and essential oil productivity by limiting the inhibitory effects of DI.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress disrupted oil yield in basil.
- Taxon
- basil plants
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- disorganizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing basil plants to drought stress significantly disorganized their performance including oil yield and anatomical features, but increased their antioxidant defense system components.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress disrupted anatomical features in basil.
- Taxon
- basil plantsOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- anatomical featurese0
- Direction
- disorganizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing basil plants to drought stress significantly disorganized their performance including oil yield and anatomical features, but increased their antioxidant defense system components.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased antioxidant defense system components in basil.
- Taxon
- basil plantsOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant defense system componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing basil plants to drought stress significantly disorganized their performance including oil yield and anatomical features, but increased their antioxidant defense system components.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved growth characteristics in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- growth characteristicse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved contents of essential oil in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- contents of essential oile1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved leaf photosynthetic pigments in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic pigmentse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved soluble sugars in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved free proline in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- free prolinee1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved ascorbic acid in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved Antioxidant enzyme activities in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzyme activitiese2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- corresponding controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
e2“Antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content (RWC), WUE, and anatomical characteristics were also improved, while electrolyte leakage was significantly diminished compared to the corresponding control.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved relative water content (RWC) in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- corresponding controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
e2“Antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content (RWC), WUE, and anatomical characteristics were also improved, while electrolyte leakage was significantly diminished compared to the corresponding control.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved WUE in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- WUEe2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- corresponding controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
e2“Antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content (RWC), WUE, and anatomical characteristics were also improved, while electrolyte leakage was significantly diminished compared to the corresponding control.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE improved anatomical characteristics in deficit-irrigated basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- anatomical characteristicse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- corresponding controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
e2“Antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content (RWC), WUE, and anatomical characteristics were also improved, while electrolyte leakage was significantly diminished compared to the corresponding control.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGE diminished electrolyte leakage in deficit-irrigated basil relative to the control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- application of PGEe1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee2
- Direction
- diminishede2
- Comparator
- corresponding controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“the application of PGE to DI-stressed plants significantly improved growth characteristics and the contents of essential oil, leaf photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free proline, and ascorbic acid.”
e2“Antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content (RWC), WUE, and anatomical characteristics were also improved, while electrolyte leakage was significantly diminished compared to the corresponding control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar PGE at 1.0 g L‒1 for basil under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume3
- Treatment
- PGE at 1.0 g L‒1e3
- Outcome
- foliar application strategye3
- Qualifier
- DI stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“recommend using PGE at 1.0 g L‒1 as a foliar application strategy for Ocimum basilicum plants grown under DI stress”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.