Abstract
Nano-fertilizers have the potential to enhance crop productivity by enhancing nutrient use efficiency. The present investigation was conducted during the rabi season of 2022-2023 in the experimental farm of DAV University, Jalandhar, to determine the effect of seed priming by Nano-Urea and Nano-Zinc on growth, yield and quality attributes of rat-tail radish. The experiment was laid in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications comprising twelve treatments viz., T1 (Control), T2 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose), T3 (Nano-Urea i.e., 100%), T4 (Nano-Urea i.e., 50%), T5 (Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%), T6 (Nano-Urea i.e., 100% + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%), T7 (Nano-Urea i.e., 50% + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%), T8 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%), T9 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose + Nano-Urea i.e., 100%), T10 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose +Nano-Urea i.e., 50%), T11 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose +Nano-Urea i.e., 100% + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%) and T12 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose + Nano-Urea i.e., 50% + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%). The results showed that the seed-priming application of Nano-Urea (50%) along with NPK minimised the days to 50% germination. It was also observed that NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) minimised the days to 50% flowering, and increased the number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf area. Further, the combination of both Nano-Urea (50%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) along with NPK recorded the highest plant height, number of branches per plant and leaf width. Among, the pod yield of rat-tail radish, the highest pod length and pod diameter were recorded with the combination of NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%). Whereas, the maximum number of pods per plant was recorded under the combination application of both Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) along with NPK. It was also observed that NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) recorded the highest pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectare. Among the quality attributes, the soluble protein content, carotenoid content, total phenolic content and chlorophyll content. The TSS was recorded maximum when NPK was applied with 100% Nano-Zinc. Ascorbic acid and total flavonoid content were recorded maximum when NPK was applied in combination with the seed-priming of 100% Nano-Urea and 100%Nano-Zinc. The analysis of yield suggested that the maximum gross income, net income and benefit-cost ratio from the treatment T11 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose + Nano-Urea i.e., 100% + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with 50% Nano-Urea minimized days to 50% germination.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radish
Raphanus sativus var. caudatust0 - Treatment
- Nano-Urea (50%) along with NPKe0
- Outcome
- days to 50% germinatione0
- Direction
- minimisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed-priming application of Nano-Urea (50%) along with NPK minimised the days to 50% germination”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with 100% Nano-Urea and Nano-Zinc minimized days to 50% flowering.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%)e0
- Outcome
- days to 50% floweringe0
- Direction
- minimisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) minimised the days to 50% flowering”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
That combination increased leaf number, length and area.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%)e0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) minimised the days to 50% flowering, and increased the number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf area”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with 50% Nano-Urea and 100% Nano-Zinc gave the highest plant height, branch number and leaf width.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- Nano-Urea and Nano-Zinct0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches per plant and leaf widthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPK recorded the highest plant height, number of branches per plant and leaf width”
t0“seed priming by nano-urea and nano-zinc on growth and yield of rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with 100% Nano-Urea gave the highest pod length and diameter.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%)e0
- Outcome
- pod length and pod diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest pod length and pod diameter were recorded with the combination of NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%)”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with 100% Nano-Urea and Nano-Zinc gave the maximum number of pods per plant.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) along with NPKe0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum number of pods per plant was recorded under the combination application of both Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) along with NPK”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
The same 100% combination gave the highest pod yield per plant, plot and hectare.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%)e0
- Outcome
- pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPK along with Nano-Urea (100%) and Nano-Zinc (100%) recorded the highest pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectare”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with 100% Nano-Zinc maximized TSS.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- NPK was applied with 100% Nano-Zince0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TSS was recorded maximum when NPK was applied with 100% Nano-Zinc”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with 100% Nano-Urea and Nano-Zinc maximized ascorbic acid and flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- NPK was applied in combination with the seed-priming of 100% Nano-Urea and 100%Nano-Zince0
- Outcome
- Ascorbic acid and total flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbic acid and total flavonoid content were recorded maximum when NPK was applied in combination with the seed-priming of 100% Nano-Urea and 100%Nano-Zinc”
t0“rat-tail radish”
Claim · model-written summary
T11 produced maximum gross and net income and benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- rat-tail radishRaphanus sativus var. caudatust0
- Treatment
- T11 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose + Nano-Urea i.e., 100% + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%)e0
- Outcome
- gross income, net income and benefit-cost ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum gross income, net income and benefit-cost ratio from the treatment T11 (NPK i.e., 100% recommended dose + Nano-Urea i.e., 100% + Nano-Zinc i.e., 100%)”
t0“rat-tail radish”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.