Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since traditional germination test methods have drawbacks such as slow efficiency, proneness to error, and damage to seeds, a non-destructive testing method is proposed for full-process germination of radish seeds, which improves the monitoring efficiency of seed quality. RESULTS: Based on YOLOv8n, a lightweight test model YOLOv8-R is proposed, where the number of parameters, the amount of calculation, and size of weights are significantly reduced by replacing the backbone network with PP-LCNet, the neck part with CCFM, the C2f of the neck part with OREPA, the SPPF with FocalModulation, and the Detect of the head part with LADH. The ablation test and comparative test prove the performance of the model. With adoption of germination rate, germination index, and germination potential as the three vitality indicators, the seed germination phenotype collection system and YOLOv8-R model are used to analyze the full time-series sequence effects of different ZnO NPs concentrations on germination of radish seeds under varying degrees of salt stress. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that salt stress inhibits the germination of radish seeds and that the inhibition effect is more obvious with the increased concentration of NaCl solution; in cultivation with deionized water, the germination rate of radish seeds does not change significantly with increased concentration of ZnO NPs, but the germination index and germination potential increase initially and then decline; in cultivation with NaCl solution, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of radish seeds first increase and then decline with increased concentration of ZnO NPs.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
YOLOv8-R reduced parameters, calculation and weights.
- Taxon
- radish seeds
Raphanus sativust0 - Outcome
- number of parameters, the amount of calculation, and size of weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- significantly reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of parameters, the amount of calculation, and size of weights are significantly reduced”
t0“germination of radish seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress inhibited radish seed germination more at higher NaCl concentrations.
- Taxon
- radish seedsRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
- Qualifier
- increased concentration of NaCl solutione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress inhibits the germination of radish seeds and that the inhibition effect is more obvious with the increased concentration of NaCl solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ZnO NPs did not significantly change germination rate in deionized water.
- Taxon
- radish seedsRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- increased concentration of ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- does not changee0
- Setting
- deionized watere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cultivation with deionized water, the germination rate of radish seeds does not change significantly with increased concentration of ZnO NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination index and potential initially increased then declined with ZnO NPs in deionized water.
- Taxon
- radish seedsRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- germination index and germination potentiale0
- Direction
- increase initially and then declinee0
- Setting
- deionized watere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germination index and germination potential increase initially and then decline”
t0“germination of radish seeds”
e1“ZnO NPs treatment”
e2“in cultivation with deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rate, potential and index first increased then declined with ZnO NPs in NaCl solution.
- Taxon
- radish seedsRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- increased concentration of ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- germination rate, germination potential and germination indexe0
- Direction
- first increase and then declinee0
- Setting
- NaCl solutione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cultivation with NaCl solution, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of radish seeds first increase and then decline with increased concentration of ZnO NPs”
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