Abstract
Abstract Currently, salinization is impacting more than 50% of arable land, posing a significant challenge to agriculture globally. Salt causes osmotic and ionic stress, determining cell dehydration, ion homeostasis, and metabolic process alteration, thus negatively influencing plant development. A promising sustainable approach to improve plant tolerance to salinity is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). This work aimed to characterize two bacterial strains, that have been isolated from pea root nodules, initially called PG1 and PG2, and assess their impact on growth, physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters in three pea genotypes (Merveille de Kelvedon, Lincoln, Meraviglia d’Italia) under salinity. Bacterial strains were molecularly identified, and characterized by in vitro assays to evaluate the plant growth promoting abilities. Both strains were identified as Erwinia sp., demonstrating in vitro biosynthesis of IAA, ACC deaminase activity, as well as the capacity to grow in presence of NaCl and PEG. Considering the inoculation of plants, pea biometric parameters were unaffected by the presence of the bacteria, independently by the considered genotype. Conversely, the three pea genotypes differed in the regulation of antioxidant genes coding for catalase ( PsCAT ) and superoxide dismutase ( PsSOD ). The highest proline levels (212.88 μmol g −1 ) were detected in salt-stressed Lincoln plants inoculated with PG1, along with the up-regulation of PsSOD and PsCAT . Conversely, PG2 inoculation resulted in the lowest proline levels that were observed in Lincoln and Meraviglia d’Italia (35.39 and 23.67 μmol g −1 , respectively). Overall, this study highlights the potential of these two strains as beneficial plant growth-promoting bacteria in saline environments, showing that their inoculation modulates responses in pea plants, affecting antioxidant gene expression and proline accumulation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Both pea nodule bacterial strains showed identified as Erwinia sp..
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Outcome
- identified as Erwinia sp.e0
ErwiniaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both strains were identified as Erwinia sp., demonstrating in vitro biosynthesis of IAA, ACC deaminase activity, as well as the capacity to grow in presence of NaCl and PEG.”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pea nodule bacterial strains showed biosynthesis of IAA.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of IAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both strains were identified as Erwinia sp., demonstrating in vitro biosynthesis of IAA, ACC deaminase activity, as well as the capacity to grow in presence of NaCl and PEG.”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pea nodule bacterial strains showed ACC deaminase activity.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- ACC deaminase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both strains were identified as Erwinia sp., demonstrating in vitro biosynthesis of IAA, ACC deaminase activity, as well as the capacity to grow in presence of NaCl and PEG.”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pea nodule bacterial strains showed capacity to grow in presence of NaCl and PEG.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- capacity to grow in presence of NaCl and PEGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both strains were identified as Erwinia sp., demonstrating in vitro biosynthesis of IAA, ACC deaminase activity, as well as the capacity to grow in presence of NaCl and PEG.”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation did not change pea biometric parameters across genotypes.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- inoculation of plantse0
- Outcome
- pea biometric parameterse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considering the inoculation of plants, pea biometric parameters were unaffected by the presence of the bacteria, independently by the considered genotype.”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
The three pea genotypes differed in PsCAT and PsSOD regulation.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- three pea genotypese0
- Gene
- PsCATe0
- Outcome
- regulation of antioxidant genese0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, the three pea genotypes differed in the regulation of antioxidant genes coding for catalase ( PsCAT ) and superoxide dismutase ( PsSOD ).”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-stressed Lincoln inoculated with PG1 had the highest proline level, 212.88 μmol g −1.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Lincolne0
- Treatment
- inoculated with PG1e0
- Interactor
- PG1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 212.88 μmol g −1e0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest proline levels (212.88 μmol g −1 ) were detected in salt-stressed Lincoln plants inoculated with PG1, along with the up-regulation of PsSOD and PsCAT .”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-stressed Lincoln inoculated with PG1 up-regulated PsSOD and PsCAT.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Lincolne0
- Treatment
- inoculated with PG1e0
- Interactor
- PG1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- PsSOD and PsCATe0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest proline levels (212.88 μmol g −1 ) were detected in salt-stressed Lincoln plants inoculated with PG1, along with the up-regulation of PsSOD and PsCAT .”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
PG2 inoculation produced low proline in Lincoln.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Lincolne0
- Treatment
- PG2 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PG2e0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 35.39e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, PG2 inoculation resulted in the lowest proline levels that were observed in Lincoln and Meraviglia d’Italia (35.39 and 23.67 μmol g −1 , respectively).”
t0“Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
PG2 inoculation produced low proline in Meraviglia d’Italia.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Meraviglia d’Italiae0
- Treatment
- PG2 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PG2e0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 23.67 μmol g −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, PG2 inoculation resulted in the lowest proline levels that were observed in Lincoln and Meraviglia d’Italia (35.39 and 23.67 μmol g −1 , respectively).”
t0“Pisum sativum”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.