Abstract
ABSTRACT Excessive cobalt (Co) levels in agricultural soil cause significant toxicity, reducing crop growth and yield. This study aimed to assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782), in mitigating cobalt toxicity and enhancing the growth of garden peas under cobalt stress. Strain SRB‐5, tolerant to 4000 ppm of Co(II), was evaluated for producing growth‐regulating substances, including indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), ammonia, siderophore, ACC deaminase, and solubilized phosphate, under cobalt stress. The optimal conditions for Co‐(II) biosorption by SRB‐5 were determined to be 25°C, pH 6.0, and an incubation time of 72 h. The strain's ability to mitigate Co‐(II) toxicity was tested by inoculating peas grown in soil treated with 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm Co‐(II). Inoculation with Co‐tolerant SRB‐5 alleviated cobalt toxicity and significantly enhanced the physiological and biochemical properties of plants. Notably, SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%), seedling vigor index (18.4%), total chlorophyll (52%), nodule biomass (41%), leghaemoglobin content (38%), root nitrogen (27%), and phosphorous content (19.3%) in 1000 ppm Co‐stressed peas. Additionally, bacterial inoculation reduced proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and membrane injury by 85%, 57.3%, 90%, and 75%, respectively, in 1000 ppm Co‐exposed plants. Priming with SRB‐5 also reduced cobalt uptake in roots (88%), shoots (53.7%), and grains (79.6%) compared to uninoculated treatments. Metal‐tolerant beneficial soil bacteria, such as Klebsiella sp. strain SRB‐5, could serve as an effective alternative for enhancing pea production in metal‐contaminated soils. The use of Co‐tolerant PGPR strains holds potential for development as biofertilizers in future agricultural practices.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased root length by 19.2% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea Plant
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19.2%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased root biomass by 29% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 29%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased seedling vigor index by 18.4% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18.4%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%), seedling vigor index (18.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased total chlorophyll by 52% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 52%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%), seedling vigor index (18.4%), total chlorophyll (52%)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased nodule biomass by 41% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- nodulee1
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 41%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%), seedling vigor index (18.4%), total chlorophyll (52%), nodule biomass (41%)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased leghaemoglobin content by 38% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- leghaemoglobin contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 38%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%), seedling vigor index (18.4%), total chlorophyll (52%), nodule biomass (41%), leghaemoglobin content (38%)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased root nitrogen by 27% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root nitrogene1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 27%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%), seedling vigor index (18.4%), total chlorophyll (52%), nodule biomass (41%), leghaemoglobin content (38%), root nitrogen (27%)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRB-5 inoculation increased phosphorous content by 19.3% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- SRB‐5e1
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphorous contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19.3%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e1“SRB‐5 increased root length (19.2%), root biomass (29%), seedling vigor index (18.4%), total chlorophyll (52%), nodule biomass (41%), leghaemoglobin content (38%), root nitrogen (27%), and phosphorous content (19.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced proline by 85% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- prolinee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 85%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e2“bacterial inoculation reduced proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and membrane injury by 85%, 57.3%, 90%, and 75%, respectively, in 1000 ppm Co‐exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) by 57.3% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 57.3%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e2“bacterial inoculation reduced proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and membrane injury by 85%, 57.3%, 90%, and 75%, respectively, in 1000 ppm Co‐exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced hydrogen peroxide by 90% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 90%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e2“bacterial inoculation reduced proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and membrane injury by 85%, 57.3%, 90%, and 75%, respectively, in 1000 ppm Co‐exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced membrane injury by 75% in pea plants under 1000 ppm cobalt stress.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- membrane injurye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 75%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e2“bacterial inoculation reduced proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and membrane injury by 85%, 57.3%, 90%, and 75%, respectively, in 1000 ppm Co‐exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with SRB-5 reduced cobalt uptake in pea roots by 88% compared with uninoculated treatments.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- Priming with SRB‐5e3
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- cobalt uptakee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 88%e3
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e3“Priming with SRB‐5 also reduced cobalt uptake in roots (88%), shoots (53.7%), and grains (79.6%) compared to uninoculated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with SRB-5 reduced cobalt uptake in pea shoots by 53.7% compared with uninoculated treatments.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse3
- Treatment
- Priming with SRB‐5e3
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- cobalt uptakee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 53.7%e3
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e3“Priming with SRB‐5 also reduced cobalt uptake in roots (88%), shoots (53.7%), and grains (79.6%) compared to uninoculated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with SRB-5 reduced cobalt uptake in pea grains by 79.6% compared with uninoculated treatments.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- grainse3
- Treatment
- Priming with SRB‐5e3
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- cobalt uptakee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 79.6%e3
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e3“Priming with SRB‐5 also reduced cobalt uptake in roots (88%), shoots (53.7%), and grains (79.6%) compared to uninoculated treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal conditions for cobalt(II) biosorption by SRB-5 were 25°C, pH 6.0 and an incubation time of 72 h.
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- optimal conditions for Co‐(II) biosorptione4
- Value
- 25°C, pH 6.0, and an incubation time of 72 he4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e4“The optimal conditions for Co‐(II) biosorption by SRB‐5 were determined to be 25°C, pH 6.0, and an incubation time of 72 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain SRB-5 was tolerant to 4000 ppm of cobalt(II).
- Taxon
- Pea PlantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- tolerante5
- Value
- 4000 ppme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pea Plant Growth”
e0“assess the potential of Klebsiella sp. SRB‐5 (Accession no. OR715782)”
e5“Strain SRB‐5, tolerant to 4000 ppm of Co(II)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-tolerant Klebsiella sp. SRB-5 could serve as an effective alternative for enhancing pea production in metal-contaminated soils.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse6
- Interactor
- Klebsiella sp. strain SRB‐5Klebsiella sp.e6symbiont
- Outcome
- enhancing pea productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Metal‐tolerant beneficial soil bacteria, such as Klebsiella sp. strain SRB‐5, could serve as an effective alternative for enhancing pea production in metal‐contaminated soils”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.