Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Functional flavonoid production is a new agenda in the agricultural industry, and young barley leaves (YBL) are one of the highlighted crops due to their health-beneficial flavonoid, saponarin. For the year-round cultivation of a high saponarin content of YBL, abiotic signal effects on the biosynthesis and metabolism in YBL need to be understood clearly. In this research, the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related abiotic signals, such as light, potassium, and sodium, were investigated on the biosynthetic metabolism in YBL cultivation under artificial lights. A higher quantity of blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiation enhanced ROS levels and the related enzyme activities (APX and CAT), as well as photosynthesis and saponarin amount, while red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature) increased the photosynthesis only. In addition, 1.0 g L –1 K + treatment in water slightly reduced ROS levels and increased saponarin accumulation in YBL. These blue-rich light and K + supplemental conditions relatively increased OGT expression and reduced 4-coumaric acid and isovitexin as saponarin precursors. Furthermore, the relative ratio of lutonarin as an oxidized product of saponarin increased in increments of light quantity. Finally, the abiotic conditions for saponarin production were optimized with the mixture solution treatment of 1.0 g L –1 Na + and 1.0 g L –1 K + under 500 PPFD of 6500 K light, and the saponarin amount per leaf was 219.5 μg plant –1; it was comparable amount with that under sunlight condition.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
More blue-rich white light increased ROS levels in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiatione0
- Outcome
- ROS levelse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A higher quantity of blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiation enhanced ROS levels and the related enzyme activities (APX and CAT), as well as photosynthesis and saponarin amount, while red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature) increased the photosynthesis only.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
More blue-rich white light increased related enzyme activities (APX and CAT) in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiatione0
- Outcome
- related enzyme activities (APX and CAT)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher quantity of blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiation enhanced ROS levels and the related enzyme activities (APX and CAT), as well as photosynthesis and saponarin amount, while red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature) increased the photosynthesis only.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
More blue-rich white light increased photosynthesis in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher quantity of blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiation enhanced ROS levels and the related enzyme activities (APX and CAT), as well as photosynthesis and saponarin amount, while red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature) increased the photosynthesis only.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
More blue-rich white light increased saponarin amount in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiatione0
- Outcome
- saponarin amounte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher quantity of blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiation enhanced ROS levels and the related enzyme activities (APX and CAT), as well as photosynthesis and saponarin amount, while red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature) increased the photosynthesis only.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Red-rich white light increased photosynthesis in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature)e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher quantity of blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiation enhanced ROS levels and the related enzyme activities (APX and CAT), as well as photosynthesis and saponarin amount, while red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature) increased the photosynthesis only.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium supplementation reduced ROS levels in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 1.0 g L –1 K + treatment in watere0
- Outcome
- ROS levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, 1.0 g L –1 K + treatment in water slightly reduced ROS levels and increased saponarin accumulation in YBL.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium supplementation increased saponarin accumulation in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 1.0 g L –1 K + treatment in watere0
- Outcome
- saponarin accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, 1.0 g L –1 K + treatment in water slightly reduced ROS levels and increased saponarin accumulation in YBL.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-rich light and potassium supplementation increased OGT expression in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- blue-rich light and K + supplemental conditionse0
- Outcome
- OGT expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These blue-rich light and K + supplemental conditions relatively increased OGT expression and reduced 4-coumaric acid and isovitexin as saponarin precursors.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-rich light and potassium supplementation reduced 4-coumaric acid and isovitexin as saponarin precursors in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- blue-rich light and K + supplemental conditionse0
- Outcome
- 4-coumaric acid and isovitexin as saponarin precursorse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These blue-rich light and K + supplemental conditions relatively increased OGT expression and reduced 4-coumaric acid and isovitexin as saponarin precursors.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative ratio of lutonarin increased with light quantity in young barley leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- light quantitye0
- Outcome
- relative ratio of lutonarine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the relative ratio of lutonarin as an oxidized product of saponarin increased in increments of light quantity.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized sodium and potassium mixture under artificial light yielded 219.5 μg plant –1 saponarin per leaf, comparable to sunlight.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- mixture solution treatment of 1.0 g L –1 Na + and 1.0 g L –1 K + under 500 PPFD of 6500 K lighte0
- Outcome
- saponarin amount per leafe0
- Direction
- comparable amounte0
- Value
- 219.5 μg plant –1e0
- Comparator
- sunlight conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finally, the abiotic conditions for saponarin production were optimized with the mixture solution treatment of 1.0 g L –1 Na + and 1.0 g L –1 K + under 500 PPFD of 6500 K light, and the saponarin amount per leaf was 219.5 μg plant –1; it was comparable amount with that under sunlight condition.”
t0“Barley Leaves”
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See all 24 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.