Abstract
The importance of habitat spatial variability as a key driver of soil biota patterning (e.g., soil nematodes) has lately gained a lot of attention. As a result, rhizosphere soil has a distinct faunal assemblage than bulk soil, but less is known about the patterning of soil nematodes and the causes of these changes in maize-alfalfa agroecosystems. As a result, the purpose of this study was to assess the dynamic changes in soil nematodes across bulk and rhizosphere soils when maize and alfalfa were grown separately and in a combination at varying degrees of nitrogen fertilizer. The results of a field experiment in a 2 × 3 factorial completely randomized block design revealed that total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance, as well as nematode generic diversity and richness, maturity, and structure indices, were significantly increased in the rhizosphere of monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa grown in a mixture with maize when compared to the bulk soil. Furthermore, we discovered elevated levels of total sugars and organic acids in rhizosphere soils. Plant- and fungal-feeding nematodes increased in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, whereas omnivores and predators decreased in soils treated with monoculture and nitrogen fertilizer. Furthermore, we discovered a significant positive relationship between total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and microbial biomass C and N, implying that changes in these soil properties and rhizodeposition may shape the nematode community assemblage between the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Our findings suggest that crop mixes containing alfalfa would improve soil characteristics and rhizodeposition, resulting in increased nematode number and variety and contributing to sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance was significantly higher in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil under monoculture alfalfa and the alfalfa-maize mixture.
- Treatment
- rhizosphere of monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa grown in a mixture with maizee1
- Outcome
- total nematode and omnivore-predator abundancee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- bulk soile1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e0“The results of a field experiment in a 2 × 3 factorial completely randomized block design”
e1“total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance, as well as nematode generic diversity and richness, maturity, and structure indices, were significantly increased in the rhizosphere of monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa grown in a mixture with maize when compared to the bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode generic diversity and richness were significantly higher in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil under monoculture alfalfa and the alfalfa-maize mixture.
- Treatment
- rhizosphere of monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa grown in a mixture with maizee1
- Outcome
- nematode generic diversity and richnesse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- bulk soile1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e0“The results of a field experiment in a 2 × 3 factorial completely randomized block design”
e1“total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance, as well as nematode generic diversity and richness, maturity, and structure indices, were significantly increased in the rhizosphere of monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa grown in a mixture with maize when compared to the bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode maturity and structure indices were significantly higher in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil under monoculture alfalfa and the alfalfa-maize mixture.
- Treatment
- rhizosphere of monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa grown in a mixture with maizee1
- Outcome
- maturity, and structure indicese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- bulk soile1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e0“The results of a field experiment in a 2 × 3 factorial completely randomized block design”
e1“total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance, as well as nematode generic diversity and richness, maturity, and structure indices, were significantly increased in the rhizosphere of monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa grown in a mixture with maize when compared to the bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant- and fungal-feeding nematodes increased in both bulk and rhizosphere soils.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e2“Plant- and fungal-feeding nematodes increased in both bulk and rhizosphere soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Omnivores and predators decreased in soils under monoculture and nitrogen fertilizer.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e3“omnivores and predators decreased in soils treated with monoculture and nitrogen fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance showed a significant positive relationship with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen.
- Compound
- soil organic carbon and total nitrogene4
- Outcome
- total nematode and omnivore-predator abundancee4
- Direction
- positivee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e4“a significant positive relationship between total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and microbial biomass C and N”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance showed a significant positive relationship with microbial biomass C and N and with soil moisture content.
- Compound
- microbial biomass C and Ne4
- Outcome
- total nematode and omnivore-predator abundancee4
- Direction
- positivee4
- Qualifier
- soil moisture contente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e4“a significant positive relationship between total nematode and omnivore-predator abundance and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and microbial biomass C and N”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in soil properties and rhizodeposition may shape the nematode community assemblage between bulk and rhizosphere soils.
- Outcome
- nematode community assemblagee5
- Qualifier
- changes in these soil properties and rhizodeposition may shapee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e5“implying that changes in these soil properties and rhizodeposition may shape the nematode community assemblage between the bulk and rhizosphere soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop mixes containing alfalfa are suggested to improve soil characteristics and rhizodeposition, with more nematodes and variety.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae6 - Outcome
- crop mixes containing alfalfae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Dynamic changes of soil nematodes between bulk and rhizosphere soils in the maize (Zea mays L.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping system”
e6“crop mixes containing alfalfa would improve soil characteristics and rhizodeposition”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.