Abstract
Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established in small replicated plots and simultaneously in larger (4-hectare) unreplicated fields. Each system was subject to distinct tillage practices, fertility programs, and methods of pest control, based on methods currently in use on farms in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Ground-dwelling arthropods (mostly Carabidae and spiders) were sampled during the fourth and sixth growing season after the establishment of the plots, and foliar insects (pest and beneficial) and pest damage were sampled on corn in the sixth growing season. Overall, beneficial arthropod populations were lowest and corn pest insect populations (especially Western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) were highest in the simplest, most intensively managed continuous corn system, which had annual use of soil insecticides. Generally ground-dwelling species were higher in soybeans than in corn, and in no-till than in deep-tilled crops. Growers wishing to enhance populations of beneficial insects should consider predominantly no-till cropping systems with several different crops in the rotation and minimal insecticide use. For both ground and foliar sampling, patterns of abundance among systems and crops in the small replicated plots generally followed those observed in the large fields, but numbers of spiders and carabids collected per pitfall trap were generally much higher in the large fields.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Beneficial arthropod populations were lowest in the simplest, most intensively managed continuous corn system.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- simplest, most intensively managed continuous corn systeme1
- Outcome
- beneficial arthropod populationse1
- Direction
- loweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established”
e1“beneficial arthropod populations were lowest and corn pest insect populations (especially Western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) were highest in the simplest, most intensively managed continuous corn system, which had annual use of soil insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn pest insect populations, especially Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, were highest in the simplest, most intensively managed continuous corn system.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- simplest, most intensively managed continuous corn systeme1
- Interactor
- Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Diabrotica virgifera virgiferae1pest - Outcome
- corn pest insect populationse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established”
e1“beneficial arthropod populations were lowest and corn pest insect populations (especially Western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) were highest in the simplest, most intensively managed continuous corn system, which had annual use of soil insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground-dwelling species were higher in soybeans than in corn.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe3 - Outcome
- ground-dwelling speciese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- corne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established”
e3“Generally ground-dwelling species were higher in soybeans than in corn, and in no-till than in deep-tilled crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground-dwelling species were higher in no-till than in deep-tilled crops.
- Taxon
- corn, soybean, and wheatGlycine max
Triticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- no-tille3
- Outcome
- ground-dwelling speciese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- deep-tilled cropse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established”
e3“Generally ground-dwelling species were higher in soybeans than in corn, and in no-till than in deep-tilled crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Predominantly no-till cropping systems with several crops in rotation and minimal insecticide use are recommended to enhance beneficial insect populations.
- Taxon
- corn, soybean, and wheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- predominantly no-till cropping systemse4
- Outcome
- populations of beneficial insectse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established”
e4“Growers wishing to enhance populations of beneficial insects should consider predominantly no-till cropping systems with several different crops in the rotation and minimal insecticide use”
Claim · model-written summary
Patterns of abundance among systems and crops in small replicated plots generally followed those in large fields.
- Taxon
- corn, soybean, and wheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- patterns of abundance among systems and cropse5
- Direction
- followede5
- Comparator
- large fieldse5
- Setting
- small replicated plotse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established”
e5“patterns of abundance among systems and crops in the small replicated plots generally followed those observed in the large fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Numbers of spiders and carabids per pitfall trap were generally much higher in large fields than in small plots.
- Taxon
- corn, soybean, and wheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- numbers of spiders and carabids collected per pitfall trape6
- Direction
- much highere6
- Comparator
- large fieldse6
- Setting
- large fieldse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four different corn, soybean, and wheat cropping systems were established”
e6“numbers of spiders and carabids collected per pitfall trap were generally much higher in the large fields”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · Diabrotica virgifera virgifera · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
rotation · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.