Abstract
Effective weed control in no-till systems is mainly dependent on herbicides. Appropriate weed management strategies, however, can reduce the amount of herbicides. In this study possible weed management was at- tempted in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage (without residue) and conven- tional tillage between 2006-07 and 2007-08 following residual effects of 13 weed control treatments with metribuzin applied during previous rainy ( kharif) seasons, 2006 and 2007 in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Mirrill]. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Total density of weeds did not differ sig- nificantly between weed control measures adopted during previous rainy season. But, conventional tillage (CT) caused a significant reduction in the populations of grass, broad-leaved (e.g., Chenopodium album L. and Melilotus indica L.) and total weeds when compared with zero-tillage (ZT) without crop residues. Similarly, higher nutrient removal by weeds was under zero-tillage than under conventional tillage. In general, residual ef- fect of all the previous season metribuzin treatments was more pronounced on the grasses ( Phalaris minor Retz. and Avena sterilis ssp ludoviciana Dur.) when compared with Chenopodium album and Melilotus indica. Wheat yield was similar in all previous season metribuzin treatments except in weed-free check in both years. However, metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha pre-emergence, on yield, was more effective, indicating its considerable residual effect on weeds in wheat. This treatment also gave the highest net benefit:cost ratio.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed density did not differ between weed control measures adopted during the previous rainy season in wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- weed control measures adopted during previous rainy seasone2
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- Total density of weedse1
- Direction
- did not differe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e1“Total density of weeds did not differ”
e2“between weed control measures adopted during previous rainy season”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage reduced populations of grass, broad-leaved and total weeds compared with zero-tillage without crop residues in wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- conventional tillage (CT)e3
- Interactor
- weedse3weed
- Outcome
- populations of grass, broad-leaved (e.g., Chenopodium album L. and Melilotus indica L.) and total weedse3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Comparator
- zero-tillage (ZT) without crop residuese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e3“conventional tillage (CT) caused a significant reduction in the populations of grass, broad-leaved (e.g., Chenopodium album L. and Melilotus indica L.) and total weeds when compared with zero-tillage (ZT) without crop residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient removal by weeds was higher under zero-tillage than under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero-tillagee4
- Interactor
- weedse4weed
- Outcome
- nutrient removal by weedse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e4“higher nutrient removal by weeds was under zero-tillage than under conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual effect of previous-season metribuzin treatments was more pronounced on grasses than on Chenopodium album and Melilotus indica in wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- previous season metribuzin treatmentse5
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore5weed - Second interactor
- Avena sterilis ssp ludoviciana
Avena sterilise5weed - Outcome
- grassese5
- Direction
- more pronouncede5
- Comparator
- Chenopodium album and Melilotus indicae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e5“In general, residual ef- fect of all the previous season metribuzin treatments was more pronounced on the grasses ( Phalaris minor Retz. and Avena sterilis ssp ludoviciana Dur.) when compared with Chenopodium album and Melilotus indica”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was similar across all previous-season metribuzin treatments.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- all previous season metribuzin treatmentse6
- Outcome
- Wheat yielde6
- Direction
- similare6
- Comparator
- weed-free checke6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e6“Wheat yield was similar in all previous season metribuzin treatments except in weed-free check in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield in the weed-free check differed from the previous-season metribuzin treatments.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- weed-free checke6
- Outcome
- Wheat yielde6
- Comparator
- all previous season metribuzin treatmentse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e6“Wheat yield was similar in all previous season metribuzin treatments except in weed-free check in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha applied pre-emergence was more effective on wheat yield than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha pre-emergencee7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- more effectivee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e7“metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha pre-emergence, on yield, was more effective, indicating its considerable residual effect on weeds in wheat. This treatment also gave the highest net benefit:cost ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha pre-emergence gave the highest net benefit:cost ratio.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha pre-emergencee7
- Outcome
- net benefit:cost ratioe7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under zero-tillage”
e7“metribuzin at 0.5 kg/ha pre-emergence, on yield, was more effective, indicating its considerable residual effect on weeds in wheat. This treatment also gave the highest net benefit:cost ratio”
The same questions in other papers
metribuzin · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
71 papers more in this group
See all 75 papers →metribuzin · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
17 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →tillage · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
125 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
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See all 183 papers →climate site · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
rainfall · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
climate site · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →climate site · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
81 papers in the same direction as this paper · 72 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
150 papers more in this group
See all 154 papers →herbicide · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 362 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
397 papers more in this group
See all 401 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.