Abstract
The economic threshold is a concept strongly embedded within the weed management literature. There are some theoretical concerns with applying a static approach such as the economic threshold to weed management decision making. An improvement is to adopt a population management approach where the intertemporal effects of decisions are taken into account. The focus should be on managing weed populations through time rather than minimizing the yield effect of weeds in a single season or year. Rather than viewing weeds as an annual production problem, the weed seed bank can be considered a renewable resource stock, and the management goal is to deplete this resource stock through time. The principles of natural resource economics illustrate that including the intertemporal effects of weed control will, for a given size of a seed bank, result in a greater level of weed control and a higher economic benefit than if control decisions were based solely on the current period effects. A dynamic economic model was developed of an extensive Australian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system to test these principles using wild oat (Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana) as an example. The model was solved for a 20-yr time horizon for a population management approach and the traditional static economic threshold. The economic benefits from a population management approach were significantly greater than those generated by the economic threshold, and the final seed bank was considerably lower. This result suggests that a paradigm shift from thresholds to longer term population management is warranted.Nomenclature: Diclofop-methyl, (±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid; flamprop-methyl, N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-dl-alanine; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFA, winter wild oat Avena ludoviciana Dur. AVELU; wheat Triticum aestivum L.Additional index words: Dynamic programming, economic optimum thresholds, optimum dose rate, economics, net present value, modeling, integrated weed management, rigid ryegrass, annual ryegrass, Lolium rigidum.Abbreviations: DP, dynamic programming; EOT, economic optimum threshold; ET, economic threshold; IWM, integrated weed management; NPV, net present value; ODR, optimum dose rate.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Population management of wild oat gave significantly greater economic benefits than the economic threshold in a 20-year simulation of Australian spring wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- population management approache0
- Interactor
- wild oate2weed
- Outcome
- economic benefitse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 20-yr time horizone3
- Comparator
- economic thresholde0
- Setting
- Australiane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economic benefits from a population management approach were significantly greater than those generated by the economic threshold”
e1“dynamic economic model was developed of an extensive Australian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system”
e2“using wild oat (Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana) as an example”
e3“The model was solved for a 20-yr time horizon for a population management approach and the traditional static economic threshold”
Claim · model-written summary
Under population management the final wild oat seed bank was considerably lower than under the economic threshold after 20 years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- population management approache0
- Outcome
- final seed banke0
- Direction
- considerably lowere0
- Comparator
- economic thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economic benefits from a population management approach were significantly greater than those generated by the economic threshold, and the final seed bank was considerably lower”
e1“dynamic economic model was developed of an extensive Australian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer-term population management rather than the economic threshold is warranted for weed management in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- paradigm shift from thresholds to longer term population managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This result suggests that a paradigm shift from thresholds to longer term population management is warranted”
e1“dynamic economic model was developed of an extensive Australian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Including intertemporal effects of weed control is expected to give a greater level of weed control and higher economic benefit than deciding on current-period effects alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- intertemporal effects of weed controle0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- current period effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“including the intertemporal effects of weed control will, for a given size of a seed bank, result in a greater level of weed control and a higher economic benefit than if control decisions were based solely on the current period effects”
e1“dynamic economic model was developed of an extensive Australian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
361 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
397 papers more in this group
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