Abstract
This study compares cryogenic freezing (-80°C and 0.5 m/s air velocity) and mechanical freezing (-40°C and 4 m/s air velocity) conditions/methods on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage. Samples were analysed on the 7th, 30th, 60th, and 90th day for various qualities: pH, TSS, titratable acidity, total quality index, enzymology, vitamin C, firmness, colour, exudate, soluble protein, and microstructure. Results show pH, °Brix, titratable acidity, and total quality index changes after freezing. Trends differed between melon and apple. Melon pH increased after freezing, while apple pH decreased. Titratable acidity decreased post-freezing for both. °Brix in melon initially decreased but increased in apples with longer storage. Freezing conditions and storage durations affected total quality index. Melon firmness increased, while apple firmness decreased compared to fresh samples post-freezing. Freezing condition did not affect firmness, but storage duration impacted it. Colour was influenced by both freezing treatment and methods, as well as the duration of frozen storage for melons. The L* value decreased for both matrices following freezing treatment. The a* and b* values of apples increased after post-freezing treatment compared to fresh. The a* value of fresh and cryogenically frozen melons was similar. Colour differences were more pronounced for mechanically frozen samples, increasing during storage for apples, while a fluctuating trend was observed for melons. Apple samples exhibited a reduction in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity post-freezing, while peroxidase activity (POD) displayed some increase in melons. PPO activity was lower for cryogenic freezing, decreasing with storage, while POD activity was storage-duration impacted. Exudation was lower in cryogenic freezing for both matrices. Soluble protein content was higher in cryogenic frozen samples, though fluctuating. Cryogenic freezing slightly reduced pore sizes in apples, preserving microstructure better, unlike mechanical freezing which damaged cellular structure.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Melon pH increased after freezing.
- Taxon
- Melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe1 - Treatment
- freezinge1
- Outcome
- pHe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Melon pH increased after freezing, while apple pH decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple pH decreased after freezing.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- freezinge1
- Outcome
- pHe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Melon pH increased after freezing, while apple pH decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Titratable acidity decreased after freezing in both melon and apple.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- post-freezinge2
- Outcome
- Titratable aciditye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e2“Titratable acidity decreased post-freezing for both”
Claim · model-written summary
°Brix in melon initially decreased after freezing.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe3
- Treatment
- after freezinge4
- Outcome
- °Brixe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- initiallye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“°Brix in melon initially decreased but increased in apples with longer storage”
e4“Results show pH, °Brix, titratable acidity, and total quality index changes after freezing”
Claim · model-written summary
°Brix in apple increased with longer storage after freezing.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae3
- Treatment
- longer storagee3
- Outcome
- °Brixe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- with longer storagee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“°Brix in melon initially decreased but increased in apples with longer storage”
e4“Results show pH, °Brix, titratable acidity, and total quality index changes after freezing”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing conditions and storage durations affected the total quality index of melon and apple.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Freezing conditionse5
- Outcome
- total quality indexe5
- Qualifier
- storage durationse5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e5“Freezing conditions and storage durations affected total quality index”
Claim · model-written summary
Melon firmness increased after freezing compared with fresh samples.
- Taxon
- MelonCucumis meloe6
- Treatment
- post-freezinge6
- Outcome
- firmnesse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- fresh samplese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Melon firmness increased, while apple firmness decreased compared to fresh samples post-freezing”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple firmness decreased after freezing compared with fresh samples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae6
- Treatment
- post-freezinge6
- Outcome
- firmnesse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Comparator
- fresh samplese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Melon firmness increased, while apple firmness decreased compared to fresh samples post-freezing”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing condition did not affect firmness of melon and apple, whereas storage duration did.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Freezing conditione7
- Outcome
- firmnesse7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e7“Freezing condition did not affect firmness, but storage duration impacted it”
Claim · model-written summary
The a* value of melon was similar for fresh and cryogenically frozen samples.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- cryogenically frozene1
- Outcome
- a* valuee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- freshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The a* value of fresh and cryogenically frozen melons was similar”
Claim · model-written summary
The a* and b* values of apple increased after post-freezing treatment compared with fresh samples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- post-freezing treatmente1
- Outcome
- a* and b* valuese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- freshe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The a* and b* values of apples increased after post-freezing treatment compared to fresh”
Claim · model-written summary
The L* value of melon and apple decreased following freezing treatment.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- freezing treatmente1
- Outcome
- L* valuee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e1“The L* value decreased for both matrices following freezing treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase activity of apple samples was reduced after freezing.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- post-freezinge1
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Apple samples exhibited a reduction in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity post-freezing”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity showed some increase in melon.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe1
- Outcome
- peroxidase activity (POD)e1
- Direction
- some increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“while peroxidase activity (POD) displayed some increase in melons”
Claim · model-written summary
Exudation of melon and apple was lower with cryogenic freezing.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- cryogenic freezinge1
- Outcome
- Exudatione1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e1“Exudation was lower in cryogenic freezing for both matrices”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein content of melon and apple was higher in cryogenic frozen samples.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- cryogenic frozen samplese1
- Outcome
- Soluble protein contente1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e1“Soluble protein content was higher in cryogenic frozen samples, though fluctuating”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryogenic freezing slightly reduced pore sizes in apple and preserved microstructure better than mechanical freezing.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Cryogenic freezinge1
- Outcome
- pore sizese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- slightlye1
- Comparator
- mechanical freezinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cryogenic freezing slightly reduced pore sizes in apples, preserving microstructure better, unlike mechanical freezing which damaged cellular structure”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase activity of melon and apple was lower with cryogenic freezing and decreased with storage.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- cryogenic freezinge1
- Outcome
- PPO activitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e1“PPO activity was lower for cryogenic freezing, decreasing with storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Colour of melon was influenced by freezing treatment and methods and by the duration of frozen storage.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- freezing treatment and methodse1
- Outcome
- Coloure1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Colour was influenced by both freezing treatment and methods, as well as the duration of frozen storage for melons”
Claim · model-written summary
Colour differences of melon and apple were more pronounced for mechanically frozen samples.
- Taxon
- melon and appleCucumis meloMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- mechanically frozen samplese1
- Outcome
- Colour differencese1
- Direction
- more pronouncede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the quality of melon and apple tissues during a 90-day storage”
e1“Colour differences were more pronounced for mechanically frozen samples”
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