Abstract
Abstract Low temperature (6°C) in light stimulated the accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and anthocyanin and reduced the level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inactivating system (PALS-IS) in the skin of whole apples. Without light, anthocyanin synthesis did not take place in the skin of whole apples, and the level of PAL was found to be very low. In skin disks held in the dark, however, PAL activity increased but no anthocyanin was synthesized. In both the light and dark conditions, PAL-IS in the skin of whole apples was about 3.5 times higher than that in the apple skin disks after 44 hours of incubation at 18°. In the skin of whole apples, cycloheximide (10, 25, and 50 μ m ), chloramphenicol (50, 100, and 200 μ m ), and puromycin (10 and 25 μ m ) increased the accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin and reduced the level of PAL-IS. In the apple skin disks, cycloheximide (0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μ m ) and chloramphenicol (10.0 and 50.0 μ m ) inhibited the accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin to varying degrees. Puromycin had little effect on the accumulation of PAL but strongly inhibited the synthesis of anthocyanin. None of the antibiotics, at the concentrations tested, had any effect on the accumulation of PAL-IS in apple skin disks.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature in light stimulated PAL and anthocyanin accumulation in whole apple skin.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- skine0
- Treatment
- Low temperature (6°C) in lighte0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and anthocyanine0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature (6°C) in light stimulated the accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and anthocyanin and reduced the level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inactivating system (PALS-IS) in the skin of whole apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature in light reduced PAL-IS in whole apple skin.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- skine0
- Treatment
- Low temperature (6°C) in lighte0
- Outcome
- level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inactivating system (PALS-IS)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature (6°C) in light stimulated the accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and anthocyanin and reduced the level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inactivating system (PALS-IS) in the skin of whole apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Without light, whole apple skin did not synthesize anthocyanin and had very low PAL.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin synthesis did not take placee0
- Qualifier
- level of PAL was found to be very lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without light, anthocyanin synthesis did not take place in the skin of whole apples, and the level of PAL was found to be very low”
Claim · model-written summary
In dark held apple skin disks, PAL activity increased.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- skin diskse0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In skin disks held in the dark, however, PAL activity increased but no anthocyanin was synthesized”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
In dark held apple skin disks, no anthocyanin was synthesized.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- skin diskse0
- Outcome
- no anthocyanin was synthesizede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In skin disks held in the dark, however, PAL activity increased but no anthocyanin was synthesized”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL-IS was about 3.5 times higher in whole apple skin than disks after 44 hours at 18°.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- PAL-ISe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- about 3.5 timese0
- Qualifier
- after 44 hours of incubation at 18°e0
- Comparator
- apple skin diskse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAL-IS in the skin of whole apples was about 3.5 times higher than that in the apple skin disks after 44 hours of incubation at 18°”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide increased PAL and anthocyanin accumulation and reduced PAL-IS in whole apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- cycloheximide (10, 25, and 50 μ m )e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PAL and anthocyanine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- reduced the level of PAL-ISe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cycloheximide (10, 25, and 50 μ m ), chloramphenicol (50, 100, and 200 μ m ), and puromycin (10 and 25 μ m ) increased the accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin and reduced the level of PAL-IS”
e1“In the skin of whole apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloramphenicol increased PAL and anthocyanin accumulation and reduced PAL-IS in whole apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- chloramphenicol (50, 100, and 200 μ m )e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PAL and anthocyanine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- reduced the level of PAL-ISe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloramphenicol (50, 100, and 200 μ m ), and puromycin (10 and 25 μ m ) increased the accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin and reduced the level of PAL-IS”
e1“In the skin of whole apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Puromycin increased PAL and anthocyanin accumulation and reduced PAL-IS in whole apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- puromycin (10 and 25 μ m )e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PAL and anthocyanine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- reduced the level of PAL-ISe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“puromycin (10 and 25 μ m ) increased the accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin and reduced the level of PAL-IS”
e1“In the skin of whole apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide inhibited PAL and anthocyanin accumulation in apple skin disks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- skin diskse0
- Treatment
- cycloheximide (0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μ m )e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PAL and anthocyanine0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the apple skin disks, cycloheximide (0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μ m ) and chloramphenicol (10.0 and 50.0 μ m ) inhibited the accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin to varying degrees”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloramphenicol inhibited PAL and anthocyanin accumulation in apple skin disks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- skin diskse0
- Treatment
- chloramphenicol (10.0 and 50.0 μ m )e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PAL and anthocyanine0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the apple skin disks, cycloheximide (0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 μ m ) and chloramphenicol (10.0 and 50.0 μ m ) inhibited the accumulation of PAL and anthocyanin to varying degrees”
Claim · model-written summary
Puromycin had little effect on PAL accumulation in apple skin disks.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Puromycine0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PALe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Puromycin had little effect on the accumulation of PAL but strongly inhibited the synthesis of anthocyanin”
Claim · model-written summary
Puromycin strongly inhibited anthocyanin synthesis in apple skin disks.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Puromycine0
- Outcome
- synthesis of anthocyanine0
- Direction
- strongly inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Puromycin had little effect on the accumulation of PAL but strongly inhibited the synthesis of anthocyanin”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested antibiotics had no effect on PAL-IS accumulation in apple skin disks.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- skin diskse0
- Treatment
- antibioticse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PAL-ISe0
- Direction
- had any effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the antibiotics, at the concentrations tested, had any effect on the accumulation of PAL-IS in apple skin disks”
The same questions in other papers
cycloheximide · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
light · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
cold · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.