Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, during Winter, 2023 to study the effect of pendimethalin application using drone on soil microbial population, nodulation, weed control and yield of green gram. The experiment was laid out in RBD with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted two levels of pendimethalin dosage (0.75 and 1.0 kg ha-1), five levels of spray fluids (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 litres ha-1) for drone spray compared with manual spray of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 with 500 litres ha-1 spray fluid and control. The results revealed that significantly higher microbial population such as bacteria (17.60 × 106 cfu/g of soil), fungi (14.90 × 103 cfu/g of soil), actinomycetes (42.60 × 104 cfu/g of soil) and rhizobium (21.30 × 105 cfu/g of soil) were recorded with no herbicide application (unweeded control) at 30 DAS than pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 application either manual or drone. The lower dose of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 was on par with no herbicide application treatment. Significantly higher root nodules per plant-1 (17.56 and 22.51) at 30 and 45 DAS was registered under drone spray of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1. Higher weed control efficiency (72.6 %) and grain yield (747 kg ha-1) were statistically superior under drone spray of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 over 40 or 80 litres ha-1 spray fluids and was comparable with lower dose of pendimethalin (0.75 kg ha-1) with 60 litres ha-1. Thus, it can be inferred that pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 was considered as ideal dose and spray fluid for drone application to get better soil microbial population, nodulation, weed control efficiency and grain yield of green gram.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded control had higher soil bacteria population than 1.0 kg ha-1 pendimethalin.
- Taxon
- Green Gram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatat0 - Treatment
- no herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- bacteriae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.60 × 106 cfu/g of soile0
- Qualifier
- 30 DASe0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that significantly higher microbial population such as bacteria (17.60 × 106 cfu/g of soil), fungi (14.90 × 103 cfu/g of soil), actinomycetes (42.60 × 104 cfu/g of soil) and rhizobium (21.30 × 105 cfu/g of soil) were recorded with no herbicide application (unweeded control) at 30 DAS than pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 application either manual or drone.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded control had higher soil fungi population than 1.0 kg ha-1 pendimethalin.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- no herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- fungie0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.90 × 103 cfu/g of soile0
- Qualifier
- 30 DASe0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that significantly higher microbial population such as bacteria (17.60 × 106 cfu/g of soil), fungi (14.90 × 103 cfu/g of soil), actinomycetes (42.60 × 104 cfu/g of soil) and rhizobium (21.30 × 105 cfu/g of soil) were recorded with no herbicide application (unweeded control) at 30 DAS than pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 application either manual or drone.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded control had higher soil actinomycetes population than 1.0 kg ha-1 pendimethalin.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- no herbicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- actinomycetesActinomycetese0other
- Outcome
- actinomycetese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 42.60 × 104 cfu/g of soile0
- Qualifier
- 30 DASe0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that significantly higher microbial population such as bacteria (17.60 × 106 cfu/g of soil), fungi (14.90 × 103 cfu/g of soil), actinomycetes (42.60 × 104 cfu/g of soil) and rhizobium (21.30 × 105 cfu/g of soil) were recorded with no herbicide application (unweeded control) at 30 DAS than pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 application either manual or drone.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded control had higher soil rhizobium population than 1.0 kg ha-1 pendimethalin.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- no herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- rhizobiume0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21.30 × 105 cfu/g of soile0
- Qualifier
- 30 DASe0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 applicatione0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that significantly higher microbial population such as bacteria (17.60 × 106 cfu/g of soil), fungi (14.90 × 103 cfu/g of soil), actinomycetes (42.60 × 104 cfu/g of soil) and rhizobium (21.30 × 105 cfu/g of soil) were recorded with no herbicide application (unweeded control) at 30 DAS than pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 application either manual or drone.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.75 kg ha-1 pendimethalin drone treatment was on par with no herbicide for soil microbial population.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1e0
- Outcome
- on pare0
- Direction
- on pare0
- Comparator
- no herbicide application treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower dose of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 was on par with no herbicide application treatment.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Drone pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 produced higher root nodules at 30.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- drone spray of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1e0
- Outcome
- root nodules per plant-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.56e0
- Qualifier
- 30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher root nodules per plant-1 (17.56 and 22.51) at 30 and 45 DAS was registered under drone spray of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Drone pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 produced higher root nodules at 45 DAS.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- drone spray of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1e0
- Outcome
- root nodules per plant-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.51e0
- Qualifier
- 45 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher root nodules per plant-1 (17.56 and 22.51) at 30 and 45 DAS was registered under drone spray of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Drone pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 with 60 litres ha-1 spray fluid was superior for weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- drone spray of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 72.6 %e0
- Qualifier
- comparable with lower dose of pendimethalin (0.75 kg ha-1) with 60 litres ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 40 or 80 litres ha-1 spray fluidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher weed control efficiency (72.6 %) and grain yield (747 kg ha-1) were statistically superior under drone spray of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 over 40 or 80 litres ha-1 spray fluids and was comparable with lower dose of pendimethalin (0.75 kg ha-1) with 60 litres ha-1.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
Drone pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 with 60 litres ha-1 spray fluid was superior for grain yield.
- Taxon
- Green GramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
- Treatment
- drone spray of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 747 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- comparable with lower dose of pendimethalin (0.75 kg ha-1) with 60 litres ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 40 or 80 litres ha-1 spray fluidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher weed control efficiency (72.6 %) and grain yield (747 kg ha-1) were statistically superior under drone spray of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 over 40 or 80 litres ha-1 spray fluids and was comparable with lower dose of pendimethalin (0.75 kg ha-1) with 60 litres ha-1.”
t0“Green Gram”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend drone application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 with 60 litres ha-1 spray fluid for green gram production.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1e0
- Outcome
- ideal dose and spray fluid for drone applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, it can be inferred that pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 with spray fluid of 60 litres ha-1 was considered as ideal dose and spray fluid for drone application to get better soil microbial population, nodulation, weed control efficiency and grain yield of green gram.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.