Abstract
Winter wheat is used as forage at the tillering stage in many countries; however, the regrowth pattern of wheat after mowing remains unclear. In this study, the growth patterns of wheat were revealed through cytological and physiological assessments as well as transcriptome sequencing. The results of agronomic traits and paraffin sections showed that the shoot growth rate increased, but root growth was inhibited after mowing. The submicroscopic structure revealed a decrease in heterochromatin in the tillering node cell and a change in mitochondrial shape in the tillering node and secondary root. Analysis of the transcriptome showed the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions; 2492 upregulated DEGs and 1534 downregulated DEGs were identified. The results of the experimental study showed that mowing induced expression of DEGs in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and increased the activity of PAL and 4CL. The upregulated DEGs in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways and related enzyme activity alterations indicated that the sugar degradation rate increased. The DEGs in the nitrogen metabolism pathway biosynthesis of the amino acids, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolism, and in the TCA pathway also changed after mowing. Hormone content and related gene expression was also altered in the tillering and secondary roots after mowing. When jasmonic acid and ethylene were used to treat the wheat after mowing, the regeneration rate increased, whereas abscisic acid inhibited regrowth. This study revealed the wheat growth patterns after mowing, which could lead to a better understanding of the development of dual-purpose wheat.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing increased wheat shoot growth rate.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- mowinge0
- Outcome
- shoot growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shoot growth rate increased, but root growth was inhibited after mowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing inhibited wheat root growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mowinge0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shoot growth rate increased, but root growth was inhibited after mowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing decreased heterochromatin in wheat tillering node cells.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tillering node celle0
- Treatment
- mowinge1
- Outcome
- heterochromatine0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in heterochromatin in the tillering node cell”
e1“root growth was inhibited after mowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing changed mitochondrial shape in the wheat tillering node and secondary root.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tillering node and secondary roote0
- Outcome
- mitochondrial shapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a change in mitochondrial shape in the tillering node and secondary root”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat transcriptomes contained 2492 upregulated DEGs after mowing.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- upregulated DEGse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 2492e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2492 upregulated DEGs and 1534 downregulated DEGs were identified”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat transcriptomes contained 1534 downregulated DEGs after mowing.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- downregulated DEGse0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Value
- 1534e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2492 upregulated DEGs and 1534 downregulated DEGs were identified”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing induced DEGs in wheat phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mowinge0
- Outcome
- expression of DEGs in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathwaye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mowing induced expression of DEGs in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing increased PAL and 4CL activity in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mowinge1
- Gene
- PAL and 4CLe0
- Outcome
- activity of PAL and 4CLe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the activity of PAL and 4CL”
e1“mowing induced expression”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat sugar degradation rate increased after mowing.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- sugar degradation ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sugar degradation rate increased”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing changed wheat DEGs in nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid metabolism and the TCA pathway.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mowinge0
- Outcome
- DEGs in the nitrogen metabolism pathway biosynthesis of the amino acids, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolism, and in the TCA pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DEGs in the nitrogen metabolism pathway biosynthesis of the amino acids, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolism, and in the TCA pathway also changed after mowing.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing altered hormone content in wheat tillering and secondary roots.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tillering and secondary rootse0
- Treatment
- mowinge0
- Outcome
- Hormone contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hormone content and related gene expression was also altered in the tillering and secondary roots after mowing.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing altered hormone-related gene expression in wheat tillering and secondary roots.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tillering and secondary rootse0
- Treatment
- mowinge0
- Outcome
- related gene expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hormone content and related gene expression was also altered in the tillering and secondary roots after mowing.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid increased wheat regeneration rate after mowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- jasmonic acide0
- Outcome
- regeneration ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When jasmonic acid and ethylene were used to treat the wheat after mowing, the regeneration rate increased”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increased wheat regeneration rate after mowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- regeneration ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When jasmonic acid and ethylene were used to treat the wheat after mowing, the regeneration rate increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid inhibited wheat regrowth after mowing.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- regrowthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid inhibited regrowth”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.