Abstract
Abstract Background Salt stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses, reducing plant growth and productivity. Thus, the development of suitable management practices to minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress has become necessary. Aims This study was conducted to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying salt tolerance conferred by jasmonic acid (JA). Methods Salt‐stressed wheat seedlings were supplemented with 1 mM JA and/or 1 mM ibuprofen (IBU), an inhibitor of endogenous JA biosynthesis, in the culture medium. Results The obtained results showed that salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight production and relative water contents. This was associated with a noteworthy reduction in leaf and root ascorbate (AsA) concentrations, as well as glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities. Exogenously supplied JA did not affect GS and GOGAT activities in leaves and roots of salt‐treated seedlings. However, noticeable enhancements were observed in growth, AsA concentrations, as well as GDH activities. Likewise, the inhibition of JA biosynthesis by IBU application was accompanied by a significant decrease in seedlings’ growth associated with a noticeable reduction in AsA concentrations and GDH activities. The decreases in growth and GDH activities were also obtained following inhibition of AsA biosynthesis by lycorine (Lyc) application. By contrast, increased GDH activities and enhanced growth were obtained following exogenous AsA supplementation, with or without JA biosynthesis inhibition. Conclusions The findings implied that exogenous JA enhanced AsA biosynthesis and induced GDH activity, which further promoted the growth of wheat seedlings in salt‐stressed conditions. Therefore, the stimulation of AsA biosynthesis and GDH activity through JA application in the rhizosphere may be suggested as a vital strategy for strengthening the salt tolerance of wheat plants, at least at the seedling stage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight and relative water contents.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weight production and relative water contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight production and relative water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced leaf and root ascorbate concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- leaf and root ascorbate (AsA) concentrationse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“This was associated with a noteworthy reduction in leaf and root ascorbate (AsA) concentrations”
e1“salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight production and relative water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced GS, GOGAT and GDH activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“as well as glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities”
e1“salt stress significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight production and relative water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous JA did not affect GS and GOGAT activities in salt treated seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenously supplied JAe0
- Outcome
- GS and GOGAT activitiese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Exogenously supplied JA did not affect GS and GOGAT activities in leaves and roots of salt‐treated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous JA enhanced growth, ascorbate concentrations and GDH activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- JAe1
- Outcome
- growth, AsA concentrations, as well as GDH activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“However, noticeable enhancements were observed in growth, AsA concentrations, as well as GDH activities”
e1“Exogenously supplied JA did not affect GS and GOGAT activities in leaves and roots of salt‐treated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU inhibition of JA biosynthesis decreased seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IBU applicatione0
- Outcome
- seedlings’ growthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“the inhibition of JA biosynthesis by IBU application was accompanied by a significant decrease in seedlings’ growth”
Claim · model-written summary
IBU inhibition was accompanied by reduced AsA and GDH activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- IBUe1
- Outcome
- AsA concentrations and GDH activitiese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“a noticeable reduction in AsA concentrations and GDH activities”
e1“the inhibition of JA biosynthesis by IBU application was accompanied by a significant decrease in seedlings’ growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lycorine inhibition of AsA biosynthesis decreased growth and GDH activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lycorine (Lyc) applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth and GDH activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The decreases in growth and GDH activities were also obtained following inhibition of AsA biosynthesis by lycorine (Lyc) application”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA increased GDH activity and growth with or without JA inhibition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous AsA supplementatione0
- Outcome
- GDH activities and enhanced growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“increased GDH activities and enhanced growth were obtained following exogenous AsA supplementation, with or without JA biosynthesis inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred JA stimulates AsA synthesis and GDH to promote growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- exogenous JAe0
- Outcome
- growth of wheat seedlingse0
- Qualifier
- enhanced AsA biosynthesis and induced GDH activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“exogenous JA enhanced AsA biosynthesis and induced GDH activity, which further promoted the growth of wheat seedlings in salt‐stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest rhizosphere JA application to strengthen seedling salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- JA application in the rhizospheree0
- Qualifier
- at least at the seedling stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stimulation of AsA biosynthesis and GDH activity through JA application in the rhizosphere may be suggested as a vital strategy for strengthening the salt tolerance of wheat plants, at least at the seedling stage”
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