Abstract
Conventional rainfed mixed crop–livestock systems of western China lack high-quality forage and restrict livestock production. This study explored the forage potential from wheat and its effects on subsequent grain yield. Different cutting times were imposed on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) at Qingyang, Gansu Province, in two growing seasons, and the effect of nitrogen (N) topdressing rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N/ha) on grain yield recovery was explored. Results showed the potential to produce 0.8–1.6 t DM/ha of wheat forage with high nutritive value when cut before stem elongation (GS 30). In the wetter year, cutting before stem elongation did not delay crop development significantly (<3 days at anthesis and 5 days at maturity), but grain yields were reduced by 17–28% compared with the uncut crop (5.8 t DM/ha), mainly due to reductions in number of spikes per m2 and, consequently, number of grains per m2. In both seasons, more forage biomass was available if crops were cut later than GS 32, but this came with large reductions (>62%) in grain yield and delays in crop development (>9 days or 131 degree-days). Crops cut later than GS 30 had greatly reduced harvest index, tillers per m2, and total N uptake but higher grain protein content. There was no significant effect of N topdressing rate on grain yield, although provided the crop was cut before GS 30, higher rates of N increased maturity biomass and crop N uptake by replacing N removed in cut biomass. This study showed that physiological delay of wheat due to cutting was not significant. The forage harvested from winter wheat before stem elongation could be a valuable feed resource to fill the feed gap in western China.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting before stem elongation produced 0.8–1.6 t DM/ha of high-value wheat forage.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- cut before stem elongation (GS 30)e0
- Outcome
- wheat foragee0
- Value
- 0.8–1.6 t DM/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“produce 0.8–1.6 t DM/ha of wheat forage with high nutritive value when cut before stem elongation (GS 30)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cutting delayed anthesis by <3 days in the wetter year without a significant effect.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Treatment
- cutting before stem elongatione0
- Outcome
- crop developmente0
- Direction
- did not delaye0
- Value
- <3 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“cutting before stem elongation did not delay crop development significantly (<3 days at anthesis and 5 days at maturity)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cutting delayed maturity by 5 days in the wetter year without a significant effect.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- cutting before stem elongatione0
- Outcome
- crop developmente0
- Direction
- did not delaye0
- Value
- 5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“cutting before stem elongation did not delay crop development significantly (<3 days at anthesis and 5 days at maturity)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cutting reduced grain yields 17–28% relative to uncut wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17–28%e0
- Qualifier
- 5.8 t DM/hae0
- Comparator
- uncut crope0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“grain yields were reduced by 17–28% compared with the uncut crop (5.8 t DM/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cutting reduced number of spikes per m2.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of spikes per m2e0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“mainly due to reductions in number of spikes per m2 and, consequently, number of grains per m2”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cutting reduced number of grains per m2.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of grains per m2e0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“mainly due to reductions in number of spikes per m2 and, consequently, number of grains per m2”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting after GS 32 increased forage biomass.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cut later than GS 32e0
- Outcome
- forage biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“more forage biomass was available if crops were cut later than GS 32”
Claim · model-written summary
Later cutting reduced grain yield by more than 62%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- >62%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“this came with large reductions (>62%) in grain yield and delays in crop development (>9 days or 131 degree-days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Later cutting delayed crop development by more than nine days or 131 degree-days.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- crop developmente0
- Direction
- delayse0
- Value
- >9 days or 131 degree-dayse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“this came with large reductions (>62%) in grain yield and delays in crop development (>9 days or 131 degree-days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting after GS 30 changed harvest index: reduced.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cut later than GS 30e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Crops cut later than GS 30 had greatly reduced harvest index, tillers per m2, and total N uptake but higher grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting after GS 30 changed tillers per m2: reduced.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cut later than GS 30e0
- Outcome
- tillers per m2e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Crops cut later than GS 30 had greatly reduced harvest index, tillers per m2, and total N uptake but higher grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting after GS 30 changed total N uptake: reduced.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cut later than GS 30e0
- Outcome
- total N uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Crops cut later than GS 30 had greatly reduced harvest index, tillers per m2, and total N uptake but higher grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting after GS 30 changed grain protein content: higher.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cut later than GS 30e0
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“Crops cut later than GS 30 had greatly reduced harvest index, tillers per m2, and total N uptake but higher grain protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen topdressing rate had no significant effect on grain yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N topdressing ratee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“There was no significant effect of N topdressing rate on grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates increased maturity biomass when wheat was cut before GS 30.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher rates of Ne0
- Outcome
- maturity biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“higher rates of N increased maturity biomass and crop N uptake by replacing N removed in cut biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates increased crop N uptake when wheat was cut before GS 30.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher rates of Ne0
- Outcome
- crop N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“higher rates of N increased maturity biomass and crop N uptake by replacing N removed in cut biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting winter wheat before stem elongation could help fill the forage gap in western China.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- harvested from winter wheat before stem elongatione0
- Setting
- western Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“The forage harvested from winter wheat before stem elongation could be a valuable feed resource to fill the feed gap in western China”
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