Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Egypt, during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons to study the effect of surface irrigation systems (basin irrigation, bed irrigation and gated pipes) and foliar application of growth stimulants (control, amino acids, humic acid, compost tea, seaweed extract and yeast extract) on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171). Irrigation systems significantly affected in most characters studied. Using gated pipes was superior to the other irrigation systems in yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, spike weight, grain yield /fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %) especially basin irrigation which recorded the lowest values. The differences among irrigation systems did not reach the level of significance for moisture, ash, fats and fiber percent in grains.Foliar application of yeast extract or seaweed extract exhibited superiority in all yield and its components as well as grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %) in comparison with other tested growth stimulants especially control. Treated plants with compost tea and untreated plants recorded the highest carbohydrates in grains. However, moisture, ash, fats and fiber percent in grains did not significantly affect by various growth stimulants. It could be concluded that irrigated plants with gated pipes and treated with yeast extract was the best combination treatment for maximizing grain yield under similar environmental conditions of the experiment site.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation systems significantly affected most studied wheat characters.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Irrigation systemse0
- Outcome
- most characters studiede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation systems significantly affected in most characters studied.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Gated pipes outperformed other irrigation systems for wheat yield and its components.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- gated pipese0
- Outcome
- yield and its componentse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- other irrigation systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using gated pipes was superior to the other irrigation systems in yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, spike weight, grain yield /fed and straw and biological yields/fed)”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Gated pipes outperformed other irrigation systems for wheat grain protein and gluten quality.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- gated pipese0
- Outcome
- grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %)e0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- other irrigation systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using gated pipes was superior to the other irrigation systems in yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, spike weight, grain yield /fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %) especially basin irrigation which recorded the lowest values.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Basin irrigation recorded the lowest wheat values among irrigation systems.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- basin irrigatione0
- Outcome
- lowest valuese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“especially basin irrigation which recorded the lowest values.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation systems did not differ significantly for grain moisture, ash and fats.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- irrigation systemse0
- Outcome
- moisture, ash, fatse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences among irrigation systems did not reach the level of significance for moisture, ash, fats and fiber percent in grains.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation systems did not differ significantly for grain fiber percent.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- irrigation systemse0
- Outcome
- fiber percent in grainse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences among irrigation systems did not reach the level of significance for moisture, ash, fats and fiber percent in grains.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast extract spray was superior to other stimulants for wheat yield and its components.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Foliar application of yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- yield and its componentse0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- other tested growth stimulantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of yeast extract or seaweed extract exhibited superiority in all yield and its components as well as grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %) in comparison with other tested growth stimulants especially control.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract spray was superior to other stimulants for wheat yield and its components.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- yield and its componentse0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- other tested growth stimulantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of yeast extract or seaweed extract exhibited superiority in all yield and its components as well as grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %) in comparison with other tested growth stimulants especially control.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast extract spray was superior for wheat grain protein and gluten quality.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Foliar application of yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %)e0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- other tested growth stimulantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of yeast extract or seaweed extract exhibited superiority in all yield and its components as well as grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %) in comparison with other tested growth stimulants especially control.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract spray was superior for wheat grain protein and gluten quality.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %)e0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- other tested growth stimulantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of yeast extract or seaweed extract exhibited superiority in all yield and its components as well as grain quality (protein, wet and dry gluten %) in comparison with other tested growth stimulants especially control.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost tea treated wheat had the highest grain carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- compost teae0
- Outcome
- carbohydrates in grainse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants with compost tea and untreated plants recorded the highest carbohydrates in grains.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated wheat had the highest grain carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- untreated plantse0
- Outcome
- carbohydrates in grainse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treated plants with compost tea and untreated plants recorded the highest carbohydrates in grains.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth stimulants did not significantly affect grain moisture, ash and fats.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- various growth stimulantse0
- Outcome
- moisture, ash, fatse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moisture, ash, fats and fiber percent in grains did not significantly affect by various growth stimulants.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth stimulants did not significantly affect grain fiber percent.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- various growth stimulantse0
- Outcome
- fiber percent in grainse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moisture, ash, fats and fiber percent in grains did not significantly affect by various growth stimulants.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
Claim · model-written summary
Gated-pipe irrigation with yeast extract was recommended to maximize wheat grain yield under similar conditions.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- gated pipes and treated with yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- best combination treatment for maximizing grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- under similar environmental conditions of the experiment sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigated plants with gated pipes and treated with yeast extract was the best combination treatment for maximizing grain yield under similar environmental conditions of the experiment site.”
e1“on yield and grain quality of bread wheat (Giza 171).”
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