Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation are significant agronomic factors affecting wheat production, but little information is available on the effects of reduced N fertilization and irrigation on internal starch structure and physicochemical properties associated with the quality of wheat-based foods. In this study, reduced N fertilization and irrigation were separately applied to investigate their effects on composition and morphological changes, crystalline and external region structure features, swelling power, and gelatinization characteristics of starch granules in bread wheat, with a high N-use-efficiency and water-saving wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 and a widely grown cultivar Jingdong 17. Compared with a non-N control, reduced N fertilization did not change the crystallinity type and short-range ordered degree of starch; however, it significantly increased relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy, whereas amylose content and transition temperatures were decreased. Under reduced irrigation, more small starch granules with compact arrangements appeared in comparison with non-water control. Relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy of starch were increased, whereas short-range ordered degree and transition temperatures were decreased. Moreover, the starch of the two cultivars appeared to differ in response to both the N and water treatments. The findings indicated that reduced N fertilization or irrigation markedly influenced the structure and physicochemical characteristics of wheat starch, providing important information for developing elite cultivars with high N and water use efficiency and outstanding starch quality.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced nitrogen did not change starch crystallinity type or short-range order.
- Taxon
- Bread Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- reduced N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- crystallinity type and short-range ordered degree of starche0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Comparator
- non-N controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with a non-N control, reduced N fertilization did not change the crystallinity type and short-range ordered degree of starch”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced nitrogen increased starch relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced N fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-N controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly increased relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy”
t0“Bread Wheat”
e1“Compared with a non-N control, reduced N fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced nitrogen decreased starch amylose content and transition temperatures.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced N fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- amylose content and transition temperaturese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- non-N controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas amylose content and transition temperatures were decreased”
t0“Bread Wheat”
e1“Compared with a non-N control, reduced N fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation produced more small, compactly arranged starch granules.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced irrigatione0
- Outcome
- small starch granules with compact arrangementse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- non-water controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under reduced irrigation, more small starch granules with compact arrangements appeared in comparison with non-water control.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation increased relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced irrigatione1
- Outcome
- Relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy of starche0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-water controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy of starch were increased”
t0“Bread Wheat”
e1“Under reduced irrigation, more small starch granules with compact arrangements appeared in comparison with non-water control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation decreased short-range order and transition temperatures.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced irrigatione1
- Outcome
- short-range ordered degree and transition temperaturese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- non-water controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas short-range ordered degree and transition temperatures were decreased”
t0“Bread Wheat”
e1“Under reduced irrigation, more small starch granules with compact arrangements appeared in comparison with non-water control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The two wheat cultivars differed in starch response to nitrogen and water treatments.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Zhongmai 175 and a widely grown cultivar Jingdong 17e1
- Treatment
- N and water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- starch of the two cultivars appeared to differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the starch of the two cultivars appeared to differ in response to both the N and water treatments”
t0“Bread Wheat”
e1“Zhongmai 175 and a widely grown cultivar Jingdong 17”
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See all 46 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.