Abstract
Zinc deficiency in rice can lead to reduced nutritional value and taste. This study investigates the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a foliar fertilizer during the jointing stage to improve rice yield, quality, and grain zinc enrichment. Over a two-year field experiment (2019–2020), six doses of ZnO NPs (ranging from 0 to 12 kg hm−2) were applied during the jointing stage (46 days after transplanting). The results revealed that foliar spraying of ZnO NPs increased the number of spikelets per spike and the thousand-grain weight by 7.4% to 9.2% and 4.2% to 7.1%, respectively, resulting in a substantial increase in rice yield. Furthermore, it led to a reduction in chalky white and chalky whiteness by 6.23% to 23.6% and 2.2% to 27.9%. ZnO NPs effectively boosted zinc content in rice grains while decreasing the phytic acid to zinc ratio, indicating improved zinc enrichment. Remarkably, protein and amylose content remained unaffected. These findings underscore the potential of ZnO NPs as a foliar fertilizer to enhance rice production, quality, and zinc enrichment. Further research can explore optimal application strategies and long-term effects for sustainable rice production.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnO nanoparticles increased rice number of spikelets per spike by 7.4% to 9.2%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- foliar spraying of ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per spikee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.4% to 9.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying of ZnO NPs increased the number of spikelets per spike and the thousand-grain weight by 7.4% to 9.2% and 4.2% to 7.1%, respectively”
e1“increase in rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnO nanoparticles increased rice thousand-grain weight by 4.2% to 7.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- thousand-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.2% to 7.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying of ZnO NPs increased the number of spikelets per spike and the thousand-grain weight by 7.4% to 9.2% and 4.2% to 7.1%, respectively”
e1“increase in rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnO nanoparticles increased rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in a substantial increase in rice yield”
e1“foliar spraying of ZnO NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnO nanoparticles reduced rice chalky white by 6.23% to 23.6%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- chalky whitee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 6.23% to 23.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in chalky white and chalky whiteness by 6.23% to 23.6% and 2.2% to 27.9%”
e1“ZnO NPs effectively boosted zinc content in rice grains”
t0“Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ZnO nanoparticles reduced rice chalky whiteness by 2.2% to 27.9%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- chalky whitenesse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 2.2% to 27.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in chalky white and chalky whiteness by 6.23% to 23.6% and 2.2% to 27.9%”
e1“ZnO NPs effectively boosted zinc content in rice grains”
t0“Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles increased zinc content in rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- zinc content in rice grainse0
- Direction
- boostede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs effectively boosted zinc content in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles decreased the rice grain phytic acid to zinc ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- phytic acid to zinc ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing the phytic acid to zinc ratio”
e1“ZnO NPs effectively boosted zinc content in rice grains”
t0“Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles did not affect rice grain protein.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- remained unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein and amylose content remained unaffected”
e1“ZnO NPs effectively boosted zinc content in rice grains”
t0“Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles did not affect rice grain amylose content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- amylose contente0
- Direction
- remained unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein and amylose content remained unaffected”
e1“ZnO NPs effectively boosted zinc content in rice grains”
t0“Rice Grains”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
zinc oxide · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →zinc oxide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →zinc oxide · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →zinc oxide · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →nanoparticle · quality: sugar starch · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →nanoparticle · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →nanoparticle · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.