Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) emissions have increased due to the impact of rising urbanization and anthropogenic activity, affecting different parts of the environment. The goal of this study is to investigate the combined effect of ZnO NPs and bacteria treatment on protein and gene expression profiles of rice plants that are grown in HMs-polluted water. Seeds were primed with Bacillus spp. (Bacillus cereus and Lysinibacillus macroides) before being cultured in Hoagland media containing ZnO NPs (5 and 10 mg/L) and HMs-contaminated water from the Hayatabad industrial estate (HIE), Peshawar, Pakistan. The results revealed that the maximum nitrogen and protein content was observed in the root, shoot, and leaf of the plant grown by combining bacteria-ZnO NPs treatment under HMs stress as compared with plant grown without or with individual treatments of ZnO NPs and bacteria. Furthermore, protein expression analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) revealed that plants that were grown in HMs-polluted water were found to be affected in contaminated water, however the combined effect of bacteria-ZnO NPs reported the more dense protein profile as compared with their individual treatments. Subsequently, plants that were grown in HMs-polluted water have the highest expression levels of stress-induced genes such as myeloblastosis (Myb), zinc-finger protein (Zat-12), and ascorbate peroxidase (Apx) while the combined effect revealed minimum expression as compared with individual treatments. It is concluded that the combined effect of ZnO NPs and bacteria lowered the stress-induced gene expression while it increased the nitrogen-protein content and protein expression in plant grown under HMs stress.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Rice under heavy-metal stress had the maximum nitrogen and protein content in root, shoot and leaf with the combined bacteria-ZnO NPs treatment compared with no treatment or either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- root, shoot, and leafe0
- Treatment
- combining bacteria-ZnO NPs treatmente0
- Interactor
- Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereuse1other - Second interactor
- Lysinibacillus macroidesLysinibacillus macroidese1other
- Outcome
- nitrogen and protein contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- under HMs stresse0
- Comparator
- plant grown without or with individual treatments of ZnO NPs and bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum nitrogen and protein content was observed in the root, shoot, and leaf of the plant grown by combining bacteria-ZnO NPs treatment under HMs stress as compared with plant grown without or with individual treatments of ZnO NPs and bacteria”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Bacillus cereus and Lysinibacillus macroides”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined bacteria-ZnO NPs treatment gave a denser protein profile (SDS PAGE) in rice grown in polluted water than the individual treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bacteria-ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- protein profilee0
- Direction
- more densee0
- Comparator
- their individual treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined effect of bacteria-ZnO NPs reported the more dense protein profile as compared with their individual treatments”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grown in HMs-polluted water had the highest expression of the stress-induced genes Myb, Zat-12 and Apx.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- HMs-polluted watere0
- Gene
- myeloblastosis (Myb), zinc-finger protein (Zat-12), and ascorbate peroxidase (Apx)e0
- Outcome
- expression levels of stress-induced genese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants that were grown in HMs-polluted water have the highest expression levels of stress-induced genes such as myeloblastosis (Myb), zinc-finger protein (Zat-12), and ascorbate peroxidase (Apx) while the combined effect revealed minimum expression as compared with individual treatments”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined ZnO NPs and bacteria treatment gave minimum expression of these stress-induced genes compared with individual treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined effecte0
- Gene
- myeloblastosis (Myb), zinc-finger protein (Zat-12), and ascorbate peroxidase (Apx)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Comparator
- individual treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants that were grown in HMs-polluted water have the highest expression levels of stress-induced genes such as myeloblastosis (Myb), zinc-finger protein (Zat-12), and ascorbate peroxidase (Apx) while the combined effect revealed minimum expression as compared with individual treatments”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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