Abstract
The potential of selenium nanoparticles application for rice with higher yield and quality, especially in great selenium bioavailability and rich aroma, is a crucial objective. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) foliar spraying on the grain yield, rice quality, selenium bioavailability and aroma formation. Our results demonstrated that Se NPs foliar application significantly increased the activities of peroxidase , superoxide dismutase and catalase (POD, SOD and CAT), and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content to increase the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves at 10–25 days after heading, which finally increased the grain yield by 1.3–3.7 % for improved grain filling, compared to CK. The increased grain filling also contributed to better rice quality, like higher taste value (2.4–6.9 %) and breakdown value (32.2–48.0 %), as well as lower amylose content (5.1–15.9 %), chalkiness grain rate (8.4–49.2 %) and degree (11.5–50.4 %). Meanwhile, Se NPs application improved the selenium bioavailability by increasing the selenium content and proportion in the rice edible parts. The further analysis indicated that the Se NPs application primarily enhanced the proline content and proline oxidase activity from heading to 10 days after heading, improving the initial synthesis of Δ 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) for the vital 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) production during 10–25 days post-heading, which promoted the remarkable increase of the final 2-AP content (5.0–19.8 %). These findings showed that Se NPs can be practically applied as the foliar fertilizer for quality improvement, selenium bioavailability enhancement and aroma enrichment in rice grains.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium nanoparticles increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Se NPs foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- activities of peroxidase , superoxide dismutase and catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se NPs foliar application significantly increased the activities of peroxidase , superoxide dismutase and catalase (POD, SOD and CAT)”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium nanoparticles decreased malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Se NPse1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content”
e1“Se NPs foliar application significantly increased the activities of peroxidase , superoxide dismutase and catalase (POD, SOD and CAT)”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium nanoparticles increased SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- SPAD value and net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves at 10–25 days after heading”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium nanoparticles increased grain yield by 1.3–3.7 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.3–3.7 %e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the grain yield by 1.3–3.7 % for improved grain filling, compared to CK”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain filling improved under selenium nanoparticle application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- grain fillinge0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved grain filling”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Taste value was higher by 2.4–6.9 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- taste valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.4–6.9 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher taste value (2.4–6.9 %)”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Breakdown value was higher by 32.2–48.0 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- breakdown valuee0
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 32.2–48.0 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“breakdown value (32.2–48.0 %)”
e1“as well as lower amylose content”
e2“higher taste value (2.4–6.9 %)”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylose content was lower by 5.1–15.9 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- amylose contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 5.1–15.9 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower amylose content (5.1–15.9 %)”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Chalkiness grain rate was lower by 8.4–49.2 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- chalkiness grain ratee0
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 8.4–49.2 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chalkiness grain rate (8.4–49.2 %)”
e1“as well as lower amylose content”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Chalkiness degree was lower by 11.5–50.4 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- degreee0
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 11.5–50.4 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“degree (11.5–50.4 %)”
e1“as well as lower amylose content”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium nanoparticle application increased selenium content and proportion in edible rice parts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Se NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- selenium content and proportione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se NPs application improved the selenium bioavailability by increasing the selenium content and proportion in the rice edible parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium nanoparticles enhanced proline content and proline oxidase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Se NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- proline content and proline oxidase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se NPs application primarily enhanced the proline content and proline oxidase activity from heading to 10 days after heading”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium nanoparticles increased final 2-AP content by 5.0–19.8 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- selenium nanoparticlest1
- Outcome
- final 2-AP contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 5.0–19.8 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoted the remarkable increase of the final 2-AP content (5.0–19.8 %)”
t0“rice grains (Oryza sativa L.)”
t1“selenium nanoparticles”
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See all 6 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.