Abstract
After harvest, paddy rice may encounter frozen conditions during the storage and transportation periods. However, the effect of frozen storage on quality of paddy rice remains unclear. In this research, two moisture contents of paddy rice (13.5% and 15.1%) were stored at two frozen temperatures (−18°C and −30°C) for two months and then evaluated for quality attributes, including germination rate, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, fat acidity, milling quality, pasting property, cooking property, and texture of the cooked rice. The results showed that the frozen storage generally decreased the germination rate, activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, husked rice yield, head rice yield of paddy rice, reduced the water uptake ratio and volume expansion rate of milled rice during cooking, and lowered the hardness of cooked rice. At frozen condition, the decrease of temperature and the increase of moisture content led to a more pronounced reduction in germination rate and peroxidase activity. Frozen treatment of paddy rice did not significantly affect the pasting temperature of milled rice flour, but decreased the peak viscosity. Fat acidity of paddy rice slightly increased after frozen storage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen storage decreased paddy rice germination rate.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the frozen storage generally decreased the germination rate, activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, husked rice yield, head rice yield of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen storage decreased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in paddy rice.
- Taxon
- paddy ricee0
- Treatment
- frozen storagee0
- Outcome
- activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the frozen storage generally decreased the germination rate, activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, husked rice yield, head rice yield of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen storage decreased husked and head rice yield.
- Taxon
- paddy ricee0
- Treatment
- frozen storagee0
- Outcome
- husked rice yield, head rice yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the frozen storage generally decreased the germination rate, activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, husked rice yield, head rice yield of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen storage reduced water uptake ratio and volume expansion rate during cooking.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Organ / stage
- milled ricee0
- Treatment
- frozen storagee1
- Outcome
- water uptake ratio and volume expansion ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced the water uptake ratio and volume expansion rate of milled rice during cooking”
t0“paddy rice”
e1“The results showed that the frozen storage generally decreased the germination rate, activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, husked rice yield, head rice yield of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen storage lowered cooked rice hardness.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“lowered the hardness of cooked rice”
t0“paddy rice”
e1“The results showed that the frozen storage generally decreased the germination rate, activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, husked rice yield, head rice yield of paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower frozen temperature produced a more pronounced reduction in germination rate.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- decrease of temperaturee0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- more pronounced reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At frozen condition, the decrease of temperature and the increase of moisture content led to a more pronounced reduction in germination rate and peroxidase activity”
t0“paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher moisture content produced a more pronounced reduction in germination rate.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- increase of moisture contente0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- more pronounced reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At frozen condition, the decrease of temperature and the increase of moisture content led to a more pronounced reduction in germination rate and peroxidase activity”
t0“paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower frozen temperature produced a more pronounced reduction in peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- decrease of temperaturee0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- more pronounced reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At frozen condition, the decrease of temperature and the increase of moisture content led to a more pronounced reduction in germination rate and peroxidase activity”
t0“paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher moisture content produced a more pronounced reduction in peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- increase of moisture contente0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- more pronounced reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At frozen condition, the decrease of temperature and the increase of moisture content led to a more pronounced reduction in germination rate and peroxidase activity”
t0“paddy rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen treatment did not significantly affect pasting temperature.
- Taxon
- paddy ricee0
- Treatment
- Frozen treatmente0
- Outcome
- pasting temperature of milled rice floure0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Frozen treatment of paddy rice did not significantly affect the pasting temperature of milled rice flour”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen treatment decreased peak viscosity of milled rice flour.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Frozen treatment of paddy rice did not significantly affect the pasting temperature of milled rice flour, but decreased the peak viscosity”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen storage slightly increased fat acidity of paddy rice.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fat acidity of paddy rice slightly increased after frozen storage”
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