Abstract
Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation. Plaque was formed on plants during 24 h in an anaerobic solution containing 20 mg ∙ L −1 iron at pH 5.5. Subsequently two additional coatings were deposited after new growth of roots. Plants were grown hydroponically in one-quarter strength Hoagland's solution and exposed to Cu (0.5 mg ∙ L −1 ), Ni (2.0 mg ∙ L −1 ), or Cu + Ni; exposure to metals lasted 21 – 45 days. At the end of the experimental period growth was estimated as total biomass, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, length of leaf, and length of root. After harvesting, Fe, Cu, and Ni concentrations in plaque were measured using a dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate extraction, and internal Fe, Cu, and Ni concentrations were measured in roots and leaves using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Formation of the palque did not affect growth of plants in control solutions. When exposed to Cu, plants with plaque had significantly larger biomass, dry weight of roots, dry weight of leaves, and growth increments of root and leaf than plants without plaque. When exposed to Ni, plants with plaque had signifiantly higher increment in leaf growth than plants without plaque. When exposed to Ni + Cu, plants with plaque had significantly higher biomass than plants without plaque. Toxic symptoms were not observed on plants with plaque grown with excess copper, while all other plants exposed to metals showed chlorosis, necrosis, or both. Metals were detected on the surface of roots, whether plants were allowed to develop a plaque or not. Cu, Ni, and Fe were concentrated in plaque and in roots. Lower concentrations of Cu and Ni were found in leaves of plants with a plaque than in plants without plaque. Comparisons of concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Ni with those of other species grown under field conditions are made. Key words: rice, iron plaque, toxicity of Cu and Ni.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Iron plaque ameliorated the toxic effects of Cu, Ni and Cu + Ni on rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on rootse0
- Outcome
- toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growthe0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron plaque affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on rootse0
- Outcome
- patterns of metal uptake and accumulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Cu exposure, rice with plaque had significantly larger biomass and root and leaf dry weights than rice without plaque.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Cue1
- Outcome
- biomass, dry weight of roots, dry weight of leavese1
- Direction
- largere1
- Comparator
- plants without plaquee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e1“When exposed to Cu, plants with plaque had significantly larger biomass, dry weight of roots, dry weight of leaves, and growth increments of root and leaf than plants without plaque”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Cu exposure, rice with plaque had significantly larger root and leaf growth increments than rice without plaque.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Cue1
- Outcome
- growth increments of root and leafe1
- Direction
- largere1
- Comparator
- plants without plaquee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e1“When exposed to Cu, plants with plaque had significantly larger biomass, dry weight of roots, dry weight of leaves, and growth increments of root and leaf than plants without plaque”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Ni exposure, rice with plaque had significantly higher leaf growth increment than rice without plaque.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nie2
- Outcome
- increment in leaf growthe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- plants without plaquee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e2“When exposed to Ni, plants with plaque had signifiantly higher increment in leaf growth than plants without plaque”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Ni + Cu exposure, rice with plaque had significantly higher biomass than rice without plaque.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Ni + Cue3
- Outcome
- biomasse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- plants without plaquee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e3“When exposed to Ni + Cu, plants with plaque had significantly higher biomass than plants without plaque”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice with plaque grown with excess copper showed no toxic symptoms, unlike other plants exposed to metals.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- plants with plaque grown with excess coppere4
- Outcome
- Toxic symptomse4
- Direction
- not observede4
- Comparator
- all other plants exposed to metalse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e4“Toxic symptoms were not observed on plants with plaque grown with excess copper, while all other plants exposed to metals showed chlorosis, necrosis, or both”
Claim · model-written summary
Metals were detected on the surface of rice roots whether or not a plaque formed.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- surface of rootse5
- Outcome
- Metals were detectede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e5“Metals were detected on the surface of roots, whether plants were allowed to develop a plaque or not”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu, Ni and Fe were concentrated in the plaque and in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- concentrated in plaque and in rootse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e6“Cu, Ni, and Fe were concentrated in plaque and in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice leaves of plants with a plaque had lower Cu and Ni concentrations than plants without plaque.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- plants with a plaquee7
- Outcome
- concentrations of Cu and Nie7
- Direction
- Lowere7
- Comparator
- plants without plaquee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e7“Lower concentrations of Cu and Ni were found in leaves of plants with a plaque than in plants without plaque”
Claim · model-written summary
Plaque formation did not affect rice growth in control solutions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Formation of the palquee1
- Outcome
- growth of plantse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- control solutionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deposition of an iron oxide plaque or coating on roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-201 84 Biggs) ameliorated the toxic effects of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and Cu + Ni on plant growth and affected patterns of metal uptake and accumulation”
e1“Formation of the palque did not affect growth of plants in control solutions”
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