Abstract
Eight field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period from 2008 to 2010 in Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, to determine the cumulative stress caused by simulated glyphosate spray drift followed by an in-crop application of metribuzin in processing tomato. As the simulated glyphosate spray drift rate increased so did the degree of injury to the tomatoes. At a simulated spray drift rate of 22.5 g ae ha −1 (2.5% of the recommended glyphosate field rate), a 23% decrease in red tomato yield was observed. Yield reductions increased to 88% of the control when 180 g ae ha −1 glyphosate (20% of the recommended field rate) was applied. Similarly when simulated spray drift rates were followed 3 to 5 d later with an in-crop application of metribuzin at 250 g ai ha −1 , tomato yields decreased by 22 to 85% depending on glyphosate rate applied. A transient synergistic interaction was observed only when 22.5 g ae ha −1 glyphosate was followed by metribuzin. The synergistic response was no longer evident by the 28-d injury rating. Herbicide interactions were additive for crop injury, dry weight, fruit counts, and yield when glyphosate spray drift rates of 45, 90, or 180 g ae ha −1 were followed by metribuzin.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato injury rose with the simulated glyphosate drift rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- simulated glyphosate spray drift ratee0
- Outcome
- degree of injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the simulated glyphosate spray drift rate increased so did the degree of injury to the tomatoes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate drift at 22.5 g ae ha −1 reduced red tomato yield by 23%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- simulated spray drift rate of 22.5 g ae ha −1e0
- Outcome
- red tomato yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a simulated spray drift rate of 22.5 g ae ha −1 (2.5% of the recommended glyphosate field rate), a 23% decrease in red tomato yield was observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate drift at 180 g ae ha −1 reduced yield to 88% of control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 180 g ae ha −1 glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- Yield reductionse0
- Direction
- reductions increasede0
- Value
- 88% of the controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield reductions increased to 88% of the control when 180 g ae ha −1 glyphosate (20% of the recommended field rate) was applied.”
t0“Response of Processing Tomato to Simulated Glyphosate Drift Followed by In-Crop Metribuzin Application”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin after simulated glyphosate drift reduced tomato yield by 22 to 85%, depending on glyphosate rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- simulated spray drift rates were followed 3 to 5 d later with an in-crop application of metribuzin at 250 g ai ha −1e0
- Outcome
- tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 22 to 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when simulated spray drift rates were followed 3 to 5 d later with an in-crop application of metribuzin at 250 g ai ha −1 , tomato yields decreased by 22 to 85% depending on glyphosate rate applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 22.5 g ae ha −1 followed by metribuzin caused a transient synergistic interaction that was absent at the 28-day injury rating.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 22.5 g ae ha −1 glyphosate was followed by metribuzine0
- Outcome
- transient synergistic interactione0
- Qualifier
- no longer evident by the 28-d injury ratinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A transient synergistic interaction was observed only when 22.5 g ae ha −1 glyphosate was followed by metribuzin. The synergistic response was no longer evident by the 28-d injury rating.”
t0“Response of Processing Tomato to Simulated Glyphosate Drift Followed by In-Crop Metribuzin Application”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate drift rates of 45, 90 or 180 g ae ha −1 followed by metribuzin interacted additively for injury, dry weight, fruit counts and yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate spray drift rates of 45, 90, or 180 g ae ha −1 were followed by metribuzine0
- Outcome
- additive for crop injury, dry weight, fruit counts, and yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide interactions were additive for crop injury, dry weight, fruit counts, and yield when glyphosate spray drift rates of 45, 90, or 180 g ae ha −1 were followed by metribuzin.”
t0“Response of Processing Tomato to Simulated Glyphosate Drift Followed by In-Crop Metribuzin Application”
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