Abstract
This study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens of a caused moldy core of postharvest apple fruits and the efficiency of essential oils (EO) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), sage (Salvia officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Trichoderma harzianum filtrate to inhibit pathogens growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium griseofulvum. The examined pathogens are recognized dependent on morphological and also molecular identification. In vivo, clove EO and T. harzianum filtrate were strongly restricted decay area on fruits with 82.36% and 81.69%, respectively when applied as direct inhibition. Growth of all examined pathogens was entirely stopped on fruits treated with both clove and thyme oils at 10%. The results also illustrated that T. harzianum filtrate and EOs exhibited considerable growth inhibition of B. cinerea and ranged between 86.53% and 100%. The lowest inhibitory potential of EOs 47.95% and 75.9% were observed with P. griseofulvum. T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively. The growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinerea depressed with up to 90% using T. harzianum filtrate followed by EOs of eucalyptus and thyme. Whereas fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvum were not frustrated when applied to each EOs or T. harzianum. Their systemic induction was restricted between 3.16% and 23.82%.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
The examined apple moldy-core pathogens were identified morphologically and molecularly.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- pathogense0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The examined pathogens are recognized dependent on morphological and also molecular identification.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
clove EO restricted decay area on apple fruits by 82.36%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- clove EOe0
- Outcome
- decay area on fruitse0
- Direction
- restrictede0
- Value
- 82.36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, clove EO and T. harzianum filtrate were strongly restricted decay area on fruits with 82.36% and 81.69%, respectively when applied as direct inhibition.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrate restricted decay area on apple fruits by 81.69%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum filtratee0
- Outcome
- decay area on fruitse0
- Direction
- restrictede0
- Value
- 81.69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, clove EO and T. harzianum filtrate were strongly restricted decay area on fruits with 82.36% and 81.69%, respectively when applied as direct inhibition.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove oil at 10% completely stopped pathogen growth on apple fruits.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- clovee0
- Outcome
- Growth of all examined pathogense0
- Direction
- entirely stoppede0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of all examined pathogens was entirely stopped on fruits treated with both clove and thyme oils at 10%.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Thyme oil at 10% completely stopped pathogen growth on apple fruits.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- thyme oilse0
- Outcome
- Growth of all examined pathogense0
- Direction
- entirely stoppede0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of all examined pathogens was entirely stopped on fruits treated with both clove and thyme oils at 10%.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrate inhibited B. cinerea growth by 86.53% to 100%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum filtratee0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growth inhibition of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 86.53% and 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also illustrated that T. harzianum filtrate and EOs exhibited considerable growth inhibition of B. cinerea and ranged between 86.53% and 100%.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils inhibited B. cinerea growth by 86.53% to 100%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- EOse0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth inhibition of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 86.53% and 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also illustrated that T. harzianum filtrate and EOs exhibited considerable growth inhibition of B. cinerea and ranged between 86.53% and 100%.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils showed their lowest inhibition against P. griseofulvum, at 47.95% and 75.9%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- P. griseofulvumPenicillium griseofulvume0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory potential of EOse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 47.95% and 75.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest inhibitory potential of EOs 47.95% and 75.9% were observed with P. griseofulvum.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrate inhibited apple fruit decay by 64.5%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum filtratee0
- Outcome
- fruit decaye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 64.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
thyme inhibited apple fruit decay by 45.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
sage inhibited apple fruit decay by 38.6%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
eucalyptus inhibited apple fruit decay by 37.5%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- eucalyptuse0
- Outcome
- fruit decaye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 37.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
clove inhibited apple fruit decay by 35.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrate suppressed A. alternata growth by up to 90%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum filtratee0
- Interactor
- A. alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae0pathogen - Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinereae0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Value
- up to 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinerea depressed with up to 90% using T. harzianum filtrate followed by EOs of eucalyptus and thyme.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrate suppressed B. cinerea growth by up to 90%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum filtratee0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinereae0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Value
- up to 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinerea depressed with up to 90% using T. harzianum filtrate followed by EOs of eucalyptus and thyme.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils did not suppress P. griseofulvum on apple fruits.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- EOse0
- Interactor
- P. griseofulvumPenicillium griseofulvume0pathogen
- Outcome
- fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvume0
- Direction
- not frustratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvum were not frustrated when applied to each EOs or T. harzianum.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum did not suppress P. griseofulvum on apple fruits.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- P. griseofulvumPenicillium griseofulvume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvume0
- Direction
- not frustratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvum were not frustrated when applied to each EOs or T. harzianum.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic induction was limited to 3.16%–23.82%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- systemic inductione0
- Direction
- restrictede0
- Value
- 3.16% and 23.82%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their systemic induction was restricted between 3.16% and 23.82%.”
t0“Apple”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.