Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral N fertilizer on the yield and yield attributes of wheat. Treatments included: Control; full recommended mineral N (120 kg ha − 1); 90 kg mineral N + farm yard manure (FYM); ½ mineral N + ½FYM, 30 kg mineral N + FYM; full dose of FYM alone. Wheat variety Inqulab-91 was used as a testing crop. Results indicated a significant response of wheat to both mineral and organic N fertilization. The morphological characteristics of the crop increased significantly with N fertilization. The maximum response was observed at the highest N rate (mineral N 150 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 ha − 1). In comparison to control, combinations of organic and mineral N increased most of the traits significantly, but generally had a non-significant difference among each other. Single or combined application of mineral N fertilizer with FYM increased grain yield significantly over control. A maximum of 72% increase in yield was recorded at the highest N application rate applied with P (150 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 ha − 1). The recommended level of N (120 kg N ha − 1) applied in T2 increased grain yield by 24% while an 11% increase in yield was recorded in T6 where FYM was applied alone. Integrated use of mineral N + FYM had a significant effect and a maximum of 35% increase in yield was recorded in T4 where ½ mineral N + ½ FYM were applied. The economic analysis of data showed that the treatment T4 had an economical net return of Rs. 1776 with a VCR of 8.39 and therefore recommended for Rawalakot conditions. This study indicates that the combination of mineral fertilizers with organic manures helps in increasing the yield of wheat and implies a savings of almost 50% cost compared to a system with only mineral N application.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat responded significantly to mineral and organic N fertilization.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- mineral and organic N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- response of wheate0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated a significant response of wheat to both mineral and organic N fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization significantly increased crop morphological traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- morphological characteristicse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The morphological characteristics of the crop increased significantly with N fertilization.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest N rate produced the maximum response.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mineral N 150 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 ha − 1e0
- Outcome
- maximum responsee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum response was observed at the highest N rate (mineral N 150 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 ha − 1).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and mineral N combinations significantly increased most traits over control, with generally nonsignificant differences among combinations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combinations of organic and mineral Ne0
- Outcome
- most of the traitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to control, combinations of organic and mineral N increased most of the traits significantly, but generally had a non-significant difference among each other.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Single or combined mineral N and FYM significantly increased grain yield over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Single or combined application of mineral N fertilizer with FYMe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single or combined application of mineral N fertilizer with FYM increased grain yield significantly over control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest N-plus-P rate increased yield 72%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 ha − 1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A maximum of 72% increase in yield was recorded at the highest N application rate applied with P (150 kg N + 120 kg P2O5 ha − 1).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended N level in T2 increased grain yield by 24%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha − 1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recommended level of N (120 kg N ha − 1) applied in T2 increased grain yield by 24%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM alone in T6 increased yield by 11%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FYM was applied alonee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an 11% increase in yield was recorded in T6 where FYM was applied alone”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Half mineral N plus half FYM in T4 increased yield by up to 35%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ½ mineral N + ½ FYMe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a maximum of 35% increase in yield was recorded in T4 where ½ mineral N + ½ FYM were applied”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 produced a net return of Rs. 1776.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- economical net returne0
- Value
- Rs. 1776e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment T4 had an economical net return of Rs. 1776”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 had a value-cost ratio of 8.39.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- VCRe0
- Value
- 8.39e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment T4 had an economical net return of Rs. 1776 with a VCR of 8.39”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend T4 for Rawalakot conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T4e1
- Outcome
- recommended for Rawalakot conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“therefore recommended for Rawalakot conditions”
e1“the treatment T4 had an economical net return”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining mineral and organic fertilizer implied almost 50% lower cost than mineral N alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- savings of almost 50% coste0
- Value
- almost 50%e0
- Comparator
- a system with only mineral N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“implies a savings of almost 50% cost compared to a system with only mineral N application”
t0“wheat”
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