Abstract
The effects of biochar on alkaline soils in high-yielding agricultural fields remain poorly understood. Nitrate variation in soils due to biochar application without a change in soil pH, is a great concern relating to both crop yield and nitrate leaching. In this study, we monitored changes in dynamics of soil nitrate accumulation and effects on grain yield due to biochar application in a temperate, high-yielding region. Biochar derived from corncob was applied to an alkaline soil at biochar rates (kg ha–1) of 0 (CK), 2250 (C1), and 4500 (C2) for each of two crop seasons in 2007. A treatment with 750 kg biochar-based fertiliser ha–1 (CN) for each of two crop seasons was also included. Biochar had no significant effect on soil water content to 1 m soil depth. Biochar tended to increase the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the 0–20 cm soil layer and nitrate retention to 1 m soil profile, but there was no significant difference between biochar treatments and CK. Grain yield of C1, C2, and CN was improved by 10.3%, 16.9%, and 15.5% compared with CK, respectively, but only C2 was significantly different from CK. Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC and average soil-nitrate retention, suggesting that the increases in grain yield were mainly attributable to improvements in soil CEC and soil nitrate retention due to biochar application in the alkaline soil. In conclusion, the effects of biochar on soil water retention, soil nitrate retention, and grain yield were very limited in alkaline soil in a high-yielding region.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar had no significant effect on soil water content to 1 m depth.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- soil water contente1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC”
e1“Biochar had no significant effect on soil water content to 1 m soil depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar tended to increase soil CEC in the 0-20 cm layer and nitrate retention to 1 m, without a significant difference from the control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the 0–20 cm soil layer and nitrate retentione1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC”
e1“Biochar tended to increase the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the 0–20 cm soil layer and nitrate retention to 1 m soil profile, but there was no significant difference between biochar treatments and CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 2250 kg/ha (C1) improved winter wheat grain yield by 10.3% over the control, not significantly.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2250 (C1)e2
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 10.3%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC”
e1“Grain yield of C1, C2, and CN was improved by 10.3%, 16.9%, and 15.5% compared with CK, respectively, but only C2 was significantly different from CK”
e2“Biochar derived from corncob was applied to an alkaline soil at biochar rates (kg ha–1) of 0 (CK), 2250 (C1), and 4500 (C2) for each of two crop seasons in 2007”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at 4500 kg/ha (C2) significantly improved winter wheat grain yield by 16.9% over the control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4500 (C2)e2
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 16.9%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC”
e1“Grain yield of C1, C2, and CN was improved by 10.3%, 16.9%, and 15.5% compared with CK, respectively, but only C2 was significantly different from CK”
e2“Biochar derived from corncob was applied to an alkaline soil at biochar rates (kg ha–1) of 0 (CK), 2250 (C1), and 4500 (C2) for each of two crop seasons in 2007”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar-based fertiliser treatment (CN) improved winter wheat grain yield by 15.5% over the control, not significantly.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 750 kg biochar-based fertiliser ha–1 (CN)e3
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 15.5%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC”
e1“Grain yield of C1, C2, and CN was improved by 10.3%, 16.9%, and 15.5% compared with CK, respectively, but only C2 was significantly different from CK”
e3“A treatment with 750 kg biochar-based fertiliser ha–1 (CN) for each of two crop seasons was also included”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the grain yield increases mainly to improvements in soil CEC and soil nitrate retention from biochar.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Qualifier
- improvements in soil CEC and soil nitrate retentione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of winter wheat with biochar application showed a trend similar to soil CEC”
e1“suggesting that the increases in grain yield were mainly attributable to improvements in soil CEC and soil nitrate retention due to biochar application”
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