Abstract
A field trial was conducted to assess the impact of organic manures (cattle and chicken manure) at rates of 2, 4 kg/plot (2m2) and seaweed extract concentrations (0, 2, 3 and 4 ml/l) on growth, yield and volatile oil constituents of fennel plants (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) during the two successive seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The chicken manure treatment at 4 kg/plot achieved the best results regarding all F. vulgare vegetative growth (except plant height), Fruit yield productivity and its constituents of the volatile oil. Foliar application treatment of seaweed extract in high concentration (4 ml/l) cleared significant impact on plant height, stem diameter, branch number/plant, umbel number/plant, fruit yield/plant, total fruit yield/feddan, volatile oil percentage, volatile oil yield per plant and per feddan during both seasons. Volatile oil samples of F. vulgare fruits collected from plants grown in soil amended with chicken manure at 4 kg/plot gave the highest percentage of anethole compound (39.13 %) and the lowest percentage of estragole compound (14.08%) in comparison with the other organic manure treatments as average of both seasons. The higher concentration of seaweed extract increased the percentage of anethole comparing with other concentrations. The foliar application by seaweed extract in high concentration on plants fertilized with chicken manure at the highest level seems to be the best interaction for getting higher yield and volatile oil of F. vulgare.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 4 kg/plot gave the best vegetative growth results except plant height.
- Taxon
- F. vulgare
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculume0 - Treatment
- chicken manure treatment at 4 kg/plote0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- best resultse0
- Qualifier
- except plant heighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The chicken manure treatment at 4 kg/plot achieved the best results regarding all F. vulgare vegetative growth (except plant height)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 4 kg/plot gave the best fruit yield productivity.
- Taxon
- F. vulgareAnethum foeniculume0
- Treatment
- chicken manure treatment at 4 kg/plote0
- Outcome
- Fruit yield productivitye0
- Direction
- best resultse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chicken manure treatment at 4 kg/plot achieved the best results regarding all F. vulgare vegetative growth (except plant height), Fruit yield productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 4 kg/plot gave the best volatile oil constituent results.
- Taxon
- F. vulgareAnethum foeniculume0
- Treatment
- chicken manure treatment at 4 kg/plote0
- Outcome
- constituents of the volatile oile0
- Direction
- best resultse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chicken manure treatment at 4 kg/plot achieved the best results regarding all F. vulgare vegetative growth (except plant height), Fruit yield productivity and its constituents of the volatile oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 4 ml/l significantly affected height, stem diameter and branch number in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Anethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- seaweed extract in high concentration (4 ml/l)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, branch number/plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application treatment of seaweed extract in high concentration (4 ml/l) cleared significant impact on plant height, stem diameter, branch number/plant”
t0“Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 4 ml/l significantly affected umbel number and fruit yields in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Anethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- seaweed extract in high concentration (4 ml/l)e0
- Outcome
- umbel number/plant, fruit yield/plant, total fruit yield/feddane0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seaweed extract in high concentration (4 ml/l) cleared significant impact on plant height, stem diameter, branch number/plant, umbel number/plant, fruit yield/plant, total fruit yield/feddan”
t0“Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweed extract at 4 ml/l significantly affected volatile oil percentage and yield in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Anethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- seaweed extract in high concentration (4 ml/l)e0
- Outcome
- volatile oil percentage, volatile oil yield per plant and per feddane0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seaweed extract in high concentration (4 ml/l) cleared significant impact on plant height, stem diameter, branch number/plant, umbel number/plant, fruit yield/plant, total fruit yield/feddan, volatile oil percentage, volatile oil yield per plant and per feddan during both seasons”
t0“Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 4 kg/plot yielded the highest fruit oil anethole percentage, 39.13%, versus other manures.
- Taxon
- Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Anethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- chicken manure at 4 kg/plote0
- Outcome
- percentage of anethole compounde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 39.13 %e0
- Comparator
- other organic manure treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown in soil amended with chicken manure at 4 kg/plot gave the highest percentage of anethole compound (39.13 %)”
e1“in comparison with the other organic manure treatments”
t0“Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure at 4 kg/plot yielded the lowest fruit oil estragole percentage, 14.08%, versus other manures.
- Taxon
- Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Anethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- chicken manure at 4 kg/plote0
- Outcome
- percentage of estragole compounde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 14.08%e0
- Comparator
- other organic manure treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chicken manure at 4 kg/plot gave the highest percentage of anethole compound (39.13 %) and the lowest percentage of estragole compound (14.08%)”
e1“in comparison with the other organic manure treatments”
t0“Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest seaweed extract concentration increased anethole percentage versus other concentrations.
- Taxon
- Foeniculum vulgare Mill.Anethum foeniculumt0
- Treatment
- higher concentration of seaweed extracte0
- Outcome
- percentage of anetholee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher concentration of seaweed extract increased the percentage of anethole comparing with other concentrations”
t0“Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor high concentration foliar seaweed extract combined with highest level chicken manure for fennel yield and volatile oil.
- Taxon
- F. vulgareAnethum foeniculume0
- Outcome
- foliar application by seaweed extract in high concentration on plants fertilized with chicken manure at the highest levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application by seaweed extract in high concentration on plants fertilized with chicken manure at the highest level seems to be the best interaction for getting higher yield and volatile oil of F. vulgare”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.