Abstract
Black rot disease is a serious bacterial disease that harms vegetable crops of the Brassica genus (especially cabbage plants) worldwide. The causal agent, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is a seed-borne pathogen that primarily infects seedlings. Previous studies suggest that the bacterial strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PMB05, can intensify the plant immune responses of cabbage against black rot disease and reduce disease occurrence. In plant immunity, several reactions occur during a pathogen attack, but the elevation of calcium ion concentration in plant cells is essential in the induction of plant defense responses. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether disease control of black rot disease in cabbage plants can be improved by integrating calcium carbonate in the formulation for preparing B. amyloliquefaciens PMB05. Firstly, we found the addition of calcium carbonate in the formulation revealed to have significantly increased the cell and endospore populations of B. amyloliquefaciens PMB05 in the fermentation liquids. To increase the convenience of disease control in the field, these fermentation liquids were converted to powder form for subsequent analysis. Results revealed that the grown seedlings from seeds, mixed with PMB05 powders, significantly intensified plant immune responses and improved black rot disease control. We further compared distinct seed treatments using one PMB05 powder to evaluate its feasibility in field application. The results demonstrated that the disease control efficacy and yield of cabbage were significantly improved in the seed treatment with the powder (SD-160C2) to 56.46% and 5.91%, respectively, at 10 weeks post transplanting. Interestingly, the seed treatment combined with a calcium-containing commercial fertilizer spraying treatment did not increase the control efficacy of black rot disease, but it significantly increased the weight of cabbages after harvest. We concluded that the seed treatment with calcium carbonate-containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PMB05 powder is an efficient way to control black rot disease in cabbage.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium carbonate increased PMB05 cell and endospore populations in fermentation liquids.
- Taxon
- B. amyloliquefaciens PMB05
.jpg?width=60)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciense0 - Treatment
- calcium carbonatee0
- Outcome
- cell and endospore populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“addition of calcium carbonate in the formulation revealed to have significantly increased the cell and endospore populations of B. amyloliquefaciens PMB05 in the fermentation liquids”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings grown from seeds mixed with PMB05 powders showed stronger immune responses.
- Treatment
- mixed with PMB05 powderse0
- Interactor
- PMB05e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant immune responsese0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“grown seedlings from seeds, mixed with PMB05 powders, significantly intensified plant immune responses”
Claim · model-written summary
PMB05 powder seed treatment improved black rot disease control in seedlings.
- Treatment
- mixed with PMB05 powderse0
- Interactor
- PMB05e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- black rot disease controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“grown seedlings from seeds, mixed with PMB05 powders, significantly intensified plant immune responses and improved black rot disease control”
Claim · model-written summary
SD-160C2 seed treatment improved cabbage disease control efficacy to 56.46% at 10 weeks post transplanting.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- seed treatment with the powder (SD-160C2)e0
- Outcome
- disease control efficacye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 56.46%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10 weeks post transplantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease control efficacy and yield of cabbage were significantly improved in the seed treatment with the powder (SD-160C2) to 56.46% and 5.91%, respectively, at 10 weeks post transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
SD-160C2 seed treatment improved cabbage yield to 5.91% at 10 weeks post transplanting.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with the powder (SD-160C2)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5.91%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10 weeks post transplantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease control efficacy and yield of cabbage were significantly improved in the seed treatment with the powder (SD-160C2) to 56.46% and 5.91%, respectively, at 10 weeks post transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding a calcium fertilizer spray to seed treatment did not increase black rot control efficacy.
- Treatment
- calcium-containing commercial fertilizer spraying treatmente0
- Outcome
- control efficacy of black rot diseasee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment combined with a calcium-containing commercial fertilizer spraying treatment did not increase the control efficacy of black rot disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding a calcium fertilizer spray to seed treatment increased harvested cabbage weight.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- calcium-containing commercial fertilizer spraying treatmente0
- Outcome
- weight of cabbages after harveste0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment combined with a calcium-containing commercial fertilizer spraying treatment did not increase the control efficacy of black rot disease, but it significantly increased the weight of cabbages after harvest”
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