Abstract
Salt stress, as a principal abiotic stress, harms the growth and metabolism of rice, thus affecting its yield and quality. The tillering stage is the key growth period that controls rice yield. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) can increase the lodging resistance of plants by reducing plant height, but its effects on rice leaves and roots at the tillering stage under salt stress are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of foliar spraying of Pro-Ca to regulate growth quality at the rice tillering stage under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress reduced the tillering ability of the rice and the antioxidant enzyme activity in the roots. Salt stress also reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the rice leaves and increased the contents of osmotic regulatory substances in the leaves and roots. The application of exogenous Pro-Ca onto the leaves increased the tiller number of the rice under salt stress and significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. Additionally, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA content. The contents of an osmotic regulation substance, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 in the leaves and roots also decreased. These results suggested that Pro-Ca can increase the tillering ability, photosynthetic capacity, osmotic adjustment substance content levels and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in rice and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, thus improving the salt tolerance of rice at the tillering stage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced rice tillering ability.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- tillering abilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress reduced the tillering ability of the rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced root antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress reduced the tillering ability of the rice and the antioxidant enzyme activity in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress also reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased leaf and root osmotic regulatory substances.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- contents of osmotic regulatory substancese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress also reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the rice leaves and increased the contents of osmotic regulatory substances in the leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Pro-Ca increased rice tiller number under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application of exogenous Pro-Ca onto the leavese0
- Outcome
- tiller numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of exogenous Pro-Ca onto the leaves increased the tiller number of the rice under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Pro-Ca significantly increased leaf photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Prohexadione-calciumt0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves”
t0“Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Pro-Ca increased antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Prohexadione-calciumt0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA content”
t0“Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Pro-Ca increased AsA content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Prohexadione-calciumt0
- Outcome
- AsA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA content”
t0“Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Pro-Ca decreased an osmotic regulation substance in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Prohexadione-calciumt0
- Outcome
- an osmotic regulation substancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of an osmotic regulation substance, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 in the leaves and roots also decreased”
t0“Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Pro-Ca decreased malondialdehyde in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Prohexadione-calciumt0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of an osmotic regulation substance, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 in the leaves and roots also decreased”
t0“Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Pro-Ca decreased H2O2 in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Prohexadione-calciumt0
- Outcome
- H2O2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of an osmotic regulation substance, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 in the leaves and roots also decreased”
t0“Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret Pro-Ca as improving salt tolerance and reducing membrane lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- tillering stagee0
- Treatment
- Pro-Cae0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- reduce membrane lipid peroxidatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pro-Ca can increase the tillering ability, photosynthetic capacity, osmotic adjustment substance content levels and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in rice and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, thus improving the salt tolerance of rice at the tillering stage”
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