Abstract
Salinity is one of the major constraints to crop production. Rice is a main staple food and is highly sensitive to salinity. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of salt stress on physiological and agronomic traits of rice genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance. Six contrasting rice genotypes (DJWJ, JFX, NSIC, HKN, XD2H and HHZ), including three salt-tolerant and three salt-sensitive rice genotypes, were grown under two different salt concentrations (0 and 100 mmol L−1 NaCl solution). The results showed that growth, physiological and yield-related traits of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice were significantly affected by salt stress. In general, plant height, tiller number, dry weight and relative growth rate showed 15.7%, 11.2%, 25.2% and 24.6% more reduction in salt-sensitive rice than in salt-tolerant rice, respectively. On the contrary, antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase), osmotic adjustment substances (proline, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA)) and Na+ content were significantly increased under salt stress, and the increase was far higher in salt-tolerant rice except for MDA. Furthermore, grain yield and yield components significantly decreased under salt stress. Overall, the salt-sensitive rice genotypes showed a 15.3% greater reduction in grain yield, 5.1% reduction in spikelets per panicle, 7.4% reduction in grain-filling percentage and 6.1% reduction in grain weight compared to salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress. However, a modest gap showed a decline in panicles (22.2% vs. 22.8%) and total spikelets (45.4% vs. 42.1%) between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice under salinity conditions. This study revealed that the yield advantage of salt-tolerant rice was partially caused by more biomass accumulation, growth rate, strong antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment ability under salt stress, which contributed to more spikelets per panicle, high grain-filling percentage and grain weight. The results of this study could be helpful in understanding the physiological mechanism of contrasting rice genotypes’ responses to salt stress and to the breeding of salt-tolerant rice.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice had 15.7% more plant-height reduction than salt-tolerant rice.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 15.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height, tiller number, dry weight and relative growth rate showed 15.7%, 11.2%, 25.2% and 24.6% more reduction in salt-sensitive rice than in salt-tolerant rice, respectively”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice had 11.2% more tiller-number reduction.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- tiller numbere0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 11.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height, tiller number, dry weight and relative growth rate showed 15.7%, 11.2%, 25.2% and 24.6% more reduction in salt-sensitive rice than in salt-tolerant rice, respectively”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice had 25.2% more dry-weight reduction.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 25.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height, tiller number, dry weight and relative growth rate showed 15.7%, 11.2%, 25.2% and 24.6% more reduction in salt-sensitive rice than in salt-tolerant rice, respectively”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice had 24.6% more relative-growth-rate reduction.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 24.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height, tiller number, dry weight and relative growth rate showed 15.7%, 11.2%, 25.2% and 24.6% more reduction in salt-sensitive rice than in salt-tolerant rice, respectively”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased antioxidant enzyme activities in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase), osmotic adjustment substances (proline, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA)) and Na+ content were significantly increased under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased proline, soluble protein and MDA in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustment substancese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“osmotic adjustment substances (proline, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA)) and Na+ content were significantly increased under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased rice Na+ content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- Na+ contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na+ content were significantly increased under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield and yield components decreased significantly under salt stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield and yield components significantly decreased under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice showed 15.3% greater grain-yield reduction than salt-tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 15.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-sensitive rice genotypes showed a 15.3% greater reduction in grain yield, 5.1% reduction in spikelets per panicle, 7.4% reduction in grain-filling percentage and 6.1% reduction in grain weight compared to salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice showed 5.1% reduction in spikelets per panicle relative to tolerant rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- spikelets per paniclee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 5.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-sensitive rice genotypes showed a 15.3% greater reduction in grain yield, 5.1% reduction in spikelets per panicle, 7.4% reduction in grain-filling percentage and 6.1% reduction in grain weight compared to salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice showed 7.4% reduction in grain-filling percentage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- grain-filling percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-sensitive rice genotypes showed a 15.3% greater reduction in grain yield, 5.1% reduction in spikelets per panicle, 7.4% reduction in grain-filling percentage and 6.1% reduction in grain weight compared to salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice showed 6.1% reduction in grain weight.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt-sensitive ricee0
- Treatment
- Salt Stresst0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 6.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-sensitive rice genotypes showed a 15.3% greater reduction in grain yield, 5.1% reduction in spikelets per panicle, 7.4% reduction in grain-filling percentage and 6.1% reduction in grain weight compared to salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicles declined 22.2% in salt-sensitive and 22.8% in salt-tolerant rice.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decline in panicles (22.2% vs. 22.8%) and total spikelets (45.4% vs. 42.1%) between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice under salinity conditions”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Total spikelets declined 45.4% in salt-sensitive and 42.1% in salt-tolerant rice.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decline in panicles (22.2% vs. 22.8%) and total spikelets (45.4% vs. 42.1%) between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice under salinity conditions”
t0“Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed salt-tolerant rice yield advantage partly to biomass, growth rate, antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- yield advantagee0
- Qualifier
- more biomass accumulation, growth rate, strong antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment abilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield advantage of salt-tolerant rice was partially caused by more biomass accumulation, growth rate, strong antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment ability under salt stress”
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