Abstract
Fungistatic and toxicity of 3 insecticides including of Thiodicarb (Larvin® 80DF), Thiametoxam (Cruiser® 350DF) and Imidacloprid (Guacho® 70WS) were evaluated on mycelial growth of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. The experiments were factorial based on a randomized complete design with 18 treatments and 5 replications that were made on M.A 2 % medium containing each of the insecticides at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (×103) ppm (Controls were also prepared without any insecticides). Dose-response curves were drawn by plotting mycelial growth inhibition % against the insecticide concentration on log-probit scale and the concentration causing 50 % inhibition (ED50 value) was reported in log µg/ml. All three insecticides inhibited to some extent the growth of T. harzianum, this inhibition was a result of a particular insecticide-fungus combination. Sensitivity of T. harzianum against tested insecticides showed 30.6-77.6 % and 1-9.8 % inhibition of the growth of fungal antagonist with Thiodicarb and Imidacloprid, respectively. In addition, Thiodicarb had more toxicity effect (ED50= 3.74) on fungus than Thiametoxam (ED50=3.89). In greenhouse, treated seeds with 1.5 % Trichodermin B (w/w), 3 recommended dosages of tested insecticides were sown in artificially infected soils with 5, 1 and 6 % (W/V) inoculum of Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. Experiments confirmed in vitro results so that, Trichodermin B + Imidacloprid (5 and 6 gr of commercial product. Kg-1 cotton seed) provided excellent integrated control against pre- and post-emergence damping-off by 88.9 and 75 %, respectively. It is concluded that Imidacloprid had the least deleterious effects on T. harzianum and could have been used in IPM and sustainable production of cotton.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All three insecticides inhibited growth of T. harzianum to some extent, compared with controls without insecticides.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- All three insecticidese1
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growth of T. harzianume1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Comparator
- without any insecticidese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Biological Control of Cotton Damping-off Disease”
e1“All three insecticides inhibited to some extent the growth of T. harzianum”
e2“Controls were also prepared without any insecticides”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiodicarb inhibited growth of T. harzianum by 30.6-77.6 %.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Thiodicarbe3
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of the growth of fungal antagoniste3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 30.6-77.6 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Biological Control of Cotton Damping-off Disease”
e3“Sensitivity of T. harzianum against tested insecticides showed 30.6-77.6 % and 1-9.8 % inhibition of the growth of fungal antagonist with Thiodicarb and Imidacloprid, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid inhibited growth of T. harzianum by 1-9.8 %.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Imidaclopride3
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of the growth of fungal antagoniste3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 1-9.8 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Biological Control of Cotton Damping-off Disease”
e3“Sensitivity of T. harzianum against tested insecticides showed 30.6-77.6 % and 1-9.8 % inhibition of the growth of fungal antagonist with Thiodicarb and Imidacloprid, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiodicarb had more toxicity to the fungus than Thiametoxam (ED50 3.74 against 3.89).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Thiodicarbe4
- Interactor
- funguse4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxicity effecte4
- Direction
- moree4
- Value
- ED50= 3.74e4
- Comparator
- Thiametoxame4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Biological Control of Cotton Damping-off Disease”
e4“Thiodicarb had more toxicity effect (ED50= 3.74) on fungus than Thiametoxam (ED50=3.89)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid had the least deleterious effects on T. harzianum and could be used in IPM and sustainable production of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- Imidaclopride5
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- deleterious effects on T. harzianume5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“It is concluded that Imidacloprid had the least deleterious effects on T. harzianum and could have been used in IPM and sustainable production of cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichodermin B with imidacloprid seed treatment reduced pre-emergence damping-off by 88.9 % in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- Trichodermin B + Imidaclopride6
- Interactor
- Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani
Fusarium verticillioides
Rhizoctonia solaniGlobisporangium ultimume7pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichodermin Be6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- damping-offe6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- 88.9e6
- Setting
- greenhousee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Trichodermin B + Imidacloprid (5 and 6 gr of commercial product. Kg-1 cotton seed) provided excellent integrated control against pre- and post-emergence damping-off by 88.9 and 75 %, respectively”
e7“In greenhouse, treated seeds with 1.5 % Trichodermin B (w/w), 3 recommended dosages of tested insecticides were sown in artificially infected soils with 5, 1 and 6 % (W/V) inoculum of Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichodermin B with imidacloprid seed treatment reduced post-emergence damping-off by 75 % in greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- Trichodermin B + Imidaclopride6
- Interactor
- Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solaniFusarium verticillioidesRhizoctonia solaniGlobisporangium ultimume7pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichodermin Be6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- damping-offe6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- 75 %e6
- Setting
- greenhousee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Trichodermin B + Imidacloprid (5 and 6 gr of commercial product. Kg-1 cotton seed) provided excellent integrated control against pre- and post-emergence damping-off by 88.9 and 75 %, respectively”
e7“In greenhouse, treated seeds with 1.5 % Trichodermin B (w/w), 3 recommended dosages of tested insecticides were sown in artificially infected soils with 5, 1 and 6 % (W/V) inoculum of Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani”
The same questions in other papers
thiodicarb · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
imidacloprid · Fusarium verticillioides · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
imidacloprid · Rhizoctonia solani · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.