Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki and thiodicarb were evaluated in laboratory and field assays to determine the effect on tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.), and the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson. Laboratory trials were conducted using B. thuringiensis concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm and thiodicarb concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm in the diet. The test using field-treated cotton squares was conducted using B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb, independently and in combination, at rates recommended for resistance management in Arkansas. Laboratory tests indicated that tobacco budworm mortality was directly related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentrations, although B. thuringiensis only significantly increased tobacco budworm mortality at the highest concentration of exposure in the absence of parasitization. Parasitization increased host mortality at all B. thuringiensis experimental rates after 6 and 14 days. Although host mortality increased linearly with increasing thiodicarb concentration, parasitization did not significantly increase host mortality over thiodicarb alone until day 14. Emergence of M. croceipes was inversely related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentration. In assays using squares from field-sprayed cotton, thiodicarb and thiodicarb/B thuringiensis mixtures provided significantly greater tobacco budworm mortality than did B. thuringiensis application alone. In addition, no significant advantage was determined for tank mixtures with B. thuringiensis as compared to thiodicarb application alone. However, neither B. thuringiensis nor thiodicarb, alone or in combination, caused a high mortality of early third instar tobacco budworm in the absence of parasitization by M. croceipes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Budworm mortality rose with Bacillus thuringiensis concentration.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt1 - Treatment
- B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- tobacco budworm mortalitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“tobacco budworm mortality was directly related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Budworm mortality rose with thiodicarb concentration.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- thiodicarbe0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- tobacco budworm mortalitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“tobacco budworm mortality was directly related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis significantly increased budworm mortality only at the highest concentration without parasitization.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- tobacco budworm mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- highest concentration of exposure in the absence of parasitizatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“B. thuringiensis only significantly increased tobacco budworm mortality at the highest concentration of exposure in the absence of parasitization”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitization increased host mortality at all B. thuringiensis rates after 6 and 14 days.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- Parasitizatione0
- Interactor
- hoste0pest
- Outcome
- host mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all B. thuringiensis experimental rates after 6 and 14 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“Parasitization increased host mortality at all B. thuringiensis experimental rates after 6 and 14 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Host mortality increased linearly with thiodicarb concentration.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- thiodicarbe0
- Interactor
- hoste0pest
- Outcome
- host mortalitye0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“host mortality increased linearly with increasing thiodicarb concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitization did not significantly increase mortality over thiodicarb alone until day 14.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- parasitizatione0
- Interactor
- hoste0pest
- Outcome
- host mortalitye0
- Direction
- did not significantly increasee0
- Comparator
- thiodicarb alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“parasitization did not significantly increase host mortality over thiodicarb alone until day 14”
Claim · model-written summary
M. croceipes emergence fell as B. thuringiensis concentration rose.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- M. croceipesMicroplitis croceipese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Emergence of M. croceipese0
- Direction
- inversely relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“Emergence of M. croceipes was inversely related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
M. croceipes emergence fell as thiodicarb concentration rose.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- thiodicarbe0
- Interactor
- M. croceipesMicroplitis croceipese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Emergence of M. croceipese0
- Direction
- inversely relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“Emergence of M. croceipes was inversely related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Field sprayed thiodicarb caused greater budworm mortality than B. thuringiensis alone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- thiodicarbe0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- tobacco budworm mortalitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- B. thuringiensis application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“thiodicarb and thiodicarb/B thuringiensis mixtures provided significantly greater tobacco budworm mortality than did B. thuringiensis application alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiodicarb and B. thuringiensis mixture caused greater budworm mortality than B. thuringiensis alone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- thiodicarb/B thuringiensis mixturese0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- tobacco budworm mortalitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- B. thuringiensis application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“thiodicarb and thiodicarb/B thuringiensis mixtures provided significantly greater tobacco budworm mortality than did B. thuringiensis application alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixtures offered no significant advantage over thiodicarb alone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- tank mixtures with B. thuringiensise0
- Outcome
- advantagee0
- Direction
- no significante0
- Comparator
- thiodicarb application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“no significant advantage was determined for tank mixtures with B. thuringiensis as compared to thiodicarb application alone”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis alone did not cause high mortality of early third instar budworm without parasitization.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of early third instar tobacco budworme0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“neither B. thuringiensis nor thiodicarb, alone or in combination, caused a high mortality of early third instar tobacco budworm in the absence of parasitization by M. croceipes”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiodicarb alone did not cause high mortality of early third instar budworm without parasitization.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- thiodicarbe0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of early third instar tobacco budworme0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“neither B. thuringiensis nor thiodicarb, alone or in combination, caused a high mortality of early third instar tobacco budworm in the absence of parasitization by M. croceipes”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb did not cause high mortality of early third instar budworm without parasitization.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- in combinatione0
- Interactor
- tobacco budworme0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of early third instar tobacco budworme0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cotton squares”
e0“neither B. thuringiensis nor thiodicarb, alone or in combination, caused a high mortality of early third instar tobacco budworm in the absence of parasitization by M. croceipes”
The same questions in other papers
thiodicarb · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Bacillus thuringiensis · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.