Abstract
Abstract In a pot experiment, sterilized sandy soil (irrigated with Long-Ashton nutrient solution containing a half of the recommended dose of ZnSO4 · 7H2O) was used to study the effects of zinc (Zn) foliar-application, and soil biofertilization on some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155) plant grown for 70 days in greenhouse under controlled conditions. The treatments comprised different levels of the foliar applied Zn (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1) which was added in the form of ZnSO4 · 7H2O, and supported by Azotobacter chroococcum (Ar) and/or Azospirillum brasilense (Am) isolates. All test attributes (minerals, photosynthesis, metabolites, and dry matter accumulation) were significantly enhanced by the moderate doses of Zn (25 and 50 mg L−1), while a contrary trend was observed in case of the higher levels (100 and 200 mg L−1). Applying the bacterial fertilizers (Ar, Am) to the experimental soil, influenced the most test characters in the direction of improving growth, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation by the plant. This response was more evident in the case of applying Ar plus Am than Am than Ar, particularly, at the elevated levels of Zn. Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Am resulted in the highest shoot contents of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), carbohydrate and total-soluble proteins. Superior values of the photosynthetic criteria (Chl a + b concentration and photosystem II activity) as well as shoot concentration of indole-3-acetic acid, and dry matter accumulation by shoots and roots were obtained by the same treatment. The highest phosphorus (P) concentration was achieved at 25 mg L−1 Zn supported by Ar plus Am. Irrespective of the bacterial inoculum, shoot contents of potassium (K) and Zn showed a positive correlation with the sprayed dose of Zn. Keywords: Azospirillum Azotobacter GrowthIndole acetic acidMetabolitesPhotosynthesisproductivity
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate foliar zinc doses significantly enhanced wheat mineral, photosynthesis, metabolite and dry matter traits.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- moderate doses of Zn (25 and 50 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- minerals, photosynthesis, metabolites, and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All test attributes (minerals, photosynthesis, metabolites, and dry matter accumulation) were significantly enhanced by the moderate doses of Zn (25 and 50 mg L−1)”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher zinc doses showed the opposite trend for the measured wheat traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- higher levels (100 and 200 mg L−1)e0
- Outcome
- minerals, photosynthesis, metabolites, and dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- contrary trende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a contrary trend was observed in case of the higher levels (100 and 200 mg L−1).”
e1“All test attributes (minerals, photosynthesis, metabolites, and dry matter accumulation)”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter chroococcum application improved wheat growth, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- bacterial fertilizers (Ar, Am)e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying the bacterial fertilizers (Ar, Am) to the experimental soil, influenced the most test characters in the direction of improving growth, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation by the plant.”
e1“Azotobacter chroococcum (Ar) and/or Azospirillum brasilense (Am) isolates.”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum brasilense application improved wheat growth, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- bacterial fertilizers (Ar, Am)e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee1symbiont - Outcome
- growth, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying the bacterial fertilizers (Ar, Am) to the experimental soil, influenced the most test characters in the direction of improving growth, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation by the plant.”
e1“Azotobacter chroococcum (Ar) and/or Azospirillum brasilense (Am) isolates.”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Ar and Am improved wheat responses more than either alone, especially at elevated zinc.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Ar plus Ame0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- more evidente0
- Comparator
- Am than Are0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This response was more evident in the case of applying Ar plus Am than Am than Ar, particularly, at the elevated levels of Zn.”
e1“Azotobacter chroococcum (Ar) and/or Azospirillum brasilense (Am) isolates.”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 50 mg L−1 with Ar and Am gave highest wheat shoot nitrogen, magnesium and manganese contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Ame0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume2symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot contents of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Am resulted in the highest shoot contents of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), carbohydrate and total-soluble proteins.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
e2“Azotobacter chroococcum (Ar) and/or Azospirillum brasilense (Am) isolates.”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave highest wheat shoot carbohydrate and soluble protein contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Ame0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate and total-soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Am resulted in the highest shoot contents of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), carbohydrate and total-soluble proteins.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 mg L−1 zinc plus Ar and Am treatment gave superior chlorophyll concentration and photosystem II activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Ame1
- Outcome
- Chl a + b concentration and photosystem II activitye0
- Direction
- Superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superior values of the photosynthetic criteria (Chl a + b concentration and photosystem II activity) as well as shoot concentration of indole-3-acetic acid, and dry matter accumulation by shoots and roots were obtained by the same treatment.”
e1“Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Am”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 mg L−1 zinc plus Ar and Am treatment gave superior wheat shoot indole-3-acetic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Ame1
- Outcome
- shoot concentration of indole-3-acetic acide0
- Direction
- Superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superior values of the photosynthetic criteria (Chl a + b concentration and photosystem II activity) as well as shoot concentration of indole-3-acetic acid, and dry matter accumulation by shoots and roots were obtained by the same treatment.”
e1“Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Am”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50 mg L−1 zinc plus Ar and Am treatment gave superior wheat shoot and root dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Ame1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation by shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- Superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superior values of the photosynthetic criteria (Chl a + b concentration and photosystem II activity) as well as shoot concentration of indole-3-acetic acid, and dry matter accumulation by shoots and roots were obtained by the same treatment.”
e1“Zinc application at 50 mg L−1 supported by the biofertilization with Ar plus Am”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 25 mg L−1 with Ar and Am gave the highest wheat phosphorus concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 25 mg L−1 Zn supported by Ar plus Ame0
- Outcome
- phosphorus (P) concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest phosphorus (P) concentration was achieved at 25 mg L−1 Zn supported by Ar plus Am.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat shoot potassium content rose with sprayed zinc dose regardless of bacterial inoculum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- sprayed dose of Zne0
- Outcome
- shoot contents of potassium (K)e0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of the bacterial inoculum, shoot contents of potassium (K) and Zn showed a positive correlation with the sprayed dose of Zn.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat shoot zinc content rose with sprayed zinc dose regardless of bacterial inoculum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- sprayed dose of Zne0
- Outcome
- shoot contents of potassium (K) and Zne0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of the bacterial inoculum, shoot contents of potassium (K) and Zn showed a positive correlation with the sprayed dose of Zn.”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 155)”
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See all 15 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.