Abstract
Soil salinity is a growing problem in agriculture, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can regulate plant response to stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) on photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defences in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seedlings under NaCl stress. Two watermelon genotypes were subjected to four different treatments: (1) normal water (control); (2) 20mgL-1 6-BA; (3) 120mmolL-1 NaCl; and (4) 120mmolL-1 NaCl+20mgL-1 6-BA. Our results showed that NaCl stress inhibited the growth of watermelon seedlings, decreased their photosynthetic capacity, promoted membrane lipid peroxidation, and lowered the activity of protective enzymes. Additionally the salt-tolerant Charleston Gray variety fared better than the salt-sensitive Zhengzi NO.017 variety under NaCl stress. Foliar spraying of 6-BA under NaCl stress significantly increased biomass accumulation, as well as photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and protein content, while decreasing malondialdehyde levels, H2 O2 content, and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, 6-BA enhanced photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate; activated antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase; and improved the efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle by stimulating glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase, as well as ascorbic acid and glutathione content. Principal component analysis confirmed that 6-BA improved salt tolerance of the two watermelon varieties, particularly Zhengzi NO.017, albeit through two different regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, 6-BA treatment could alleviate NaCl stress-induced damage and improve salt tolerance of watermelons by regulating photosynthesis and osmoregulation, activating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and promoting antioxidant defences.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl inhibited watermelon seedling growth.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress inhibited the growth of watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased their photosynthetic capacity”
e1“NaCl stress inhibited the growth”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl promoted membrane lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- membrane lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoted membrane lipid peroxidation”
e1“NaCl stress inhibited the growth”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl lowered protective enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- activity of protective enzymese0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowered the activity of protective enzymes”
e1“NaCl stress inhibited the growth”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Charleston Gray fared better than Zhengzi NO.017 under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Charleston Graye0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- fared bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- Zhengzi NO.017e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-tolerant Charleston Gray variety fared better than the salt-sensitive Zhengzi NO.017 variety under NaCl stress”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 6-BA increased biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying of 6-BA under NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of 6-BA under NaCl stress significantly increased biomass accumulation”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 6-BA increased photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and protein content.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BA under NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and protein content”
e1“6-BA under NaCl stress”
e2“significantly increased”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 6-BA decreased malondialdehyde, H2 O2 and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BA under NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde levels, H2 O2 content, and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while decreasing malondialdehyde levels, H2 O2 content, and electrolyte leakage”
e1“6-BA under NaCl stress”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA enhanced net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6-BA enhanced photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA enhanced transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe1
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and transpiration rate; activated antioxidant enzymes”
e1“6-BA enhanced”
e2“enhanced photosynthetic parameters”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA activated superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidasee0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activated antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase”
e1“6-BA enhanced”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA stimulated glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe1
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductasee0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulating glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase”
e1“6-BA enhanced”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA improved ascorbate-glutathione cycle efficiency.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe1
- Outcome
- efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cyclee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle”
e1“6-BA enhanced”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA increased ascorbic acid and glutathione content.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid and glutathione contente0
- Direction
- stimulatinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as ascorbic acid and glutathione content”
e1“6-BA enhanced”
e2“stimulating glutathione reductase”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal component analysis supported improved salt tolerance in both varieties, particularly Zhengzi NO.017.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- particularly Zhengzi NO.017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6-BA improved salt tolerance of the two watermelon varieties, particularly Zhengzi NO.017”
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See all 5 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.