Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic environmental stress factor that constrains agricultural productivity globally. High-salinity environments not only inhibit crop growth but also reduce yield and quality. Approximately 100 million tons of mushroom residue are produced annually in China. This residue is rich in organic matter and essential nutrients. To facilitate its use as a resource, this study investigated the effects of amending soil with mushroom residue on watermelon growth and soil quality under 150 mM NaCl stress. Salt stress significantly inhibited watermelon seedling growth, reduced chlorophyll contents, increased reactive oxygen species accumulation in watermelon leaves. It also increased sodium and decreased potassium concentrations in the shoots. However, amending the soil with mushroom residue reduced the salt injury index by 53.6 % and increased the seedling health index by 93.6 % compared to seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alone. Furthermore, in MR-treated plants under NaCl stress, the content of MDA and O₂ · ⁻ was reduced by 52.46 % and 14.71 %, respectively, while the activities of SOD and POD were increased by 19.94 % and 6.49 %, respectively. The K⁺/Na⁺ ration in the shoots was improved by 3.28 fold, significantly mitigating the effects of salt stress. Furthermore, mushroom residue also improved soil physical and chemical properties (EC, pH, CEC), and soil nutrient (N, P, and K contents), contributing to better plant growth. These findings highlight the potential of mushroom residue as a sustainable strategy to mitigate salt stress in watermelon.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress inhibited watermelon seedling growth and reduced chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- watermelon seedling growth, reduced chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress significantly inhibited watermelon seedling growth, reduced chlorophyll contents”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased reactive oxygen species in watermelon leaves.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- watermelon leavese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased reactive oxygen species accumulation in watermelon leaves”
e1“Salt stress significantly inhibited watermelon seedling growth, reduced chlorophyll contents”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased sodium concentration in shoots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- sodiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also increased sodium and decreased potassium concentrations in the shoots”
e1“Salt stress significantly inhibited watermelon seedling growth, reduced chlorophyll contents”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased potassium concentration in shoots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- potassium concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased potassium concentrations in the shoots”
e1“Salt stress significantly inhibited watermelon seedling growth, reduced chlorophyll contents”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue reduced salt injury index by 53.6%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- amending the soil with mushroom residuee0
- Outcome
- salt injury indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 53.6 %e0
- Comparator
- seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amending the soil with mushroom residue reduced the salt injury index by 53.6 % and increased the seedling health index by 93.6 % compared to seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alone”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue increased seedling health index by 93.6%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- amending the soil with mushroom residuee0
- Outcome
- seedling health indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 93.6 %e0
- Comparator
- seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amending the soil with mushroom residue reduced the salt injury index by 53.6 % and increased the seedling health index by 93.6 % compared to seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alone”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue reduced MDA by 52.46% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- MR-treated plants under NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- content of MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52.46 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in MR-treated plants under NaCl stress, the content of MDA and O₂ · ⁻ was reduced by 52.46 % and 14.71 %, respectively”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue reduced superoxide by 14.71% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- MR-treated plants under NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- O₂ · ⁻e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14.71 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in MR-treated plants under NaCl stress, the content of MDA and O₂ · ⁻ was reduced by 52.46 % and 14.71 %, respectively”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue increased SOD activity by 19.94%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- mushroom residuee1
- Outcome
- activities of SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.94 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of SOD and POD were increased by 19.94 % and 6.49 %, respectively”
e1“amending the soil with mushroom residue reduced the salt injury index by 53.6 % and increased the seedling health index by 93.6 % compared to seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alone”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue increased POD activity by 6.49%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- mushroom residuee1
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.49 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of SOD and POD were increased by 19.94 % and 6.49 %, respectively”
e1“amending the soil with mushroom residue reduced the salt injury index by 53.6 % and increased the seedling health index by 93.6 % compared to seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alone”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue improved shoot potassium to sodium ratio by 3.28 fold.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- mushroom residuee1
- Outcome
- K⁺/Na⁺ ratione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.28 folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The K⁺/Na⁺ ration in the shoots was improved by 3.28 fold, significantly mitigating the effects of salt stress”
e1“amending the soil with mushroom residue reduced the salt injury index by 53.6 % and increased the seedling health index by 93.6 % compared to seedlings subjected to NaCl stress alone”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom residue improved soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient content.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- mushroom residuee0
- Outcome
- soil physical and chemical properties (EC, pH, CEC), and soil nutrient (N, P, and K contents)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mushroom residue also improved soil physical and chemical properties (EC, pH, CEC), and soil nutrient (N, P, and K contents), contributing to better plant growth”
t0“watermelon seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: oxidative · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
salinity · physiology: oxidative · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · physiology: pigments · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · nutrient: content · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.