Abstract
BACKGROUND: Around the globe, salinity is one of the serious environmental stresses which negatively affect rapid seed germination, uniform seedling establishment and plant developments restricting sustainable agricultural productivity. In recent years, the concepts of sustainable agriculture and cleaner production strategy have emphasized the introduction of greener agrochemicals using biocompatible and natural sources to maximize crop yield with minimum ecotoxicological effects. Over the last decade, the emergence of nanotechnology as a forefront of interdisciplinary science has introduced nanomaterials as fast-acting plant growth-promoting agents. RESULTS: Herein, we report the preparation of nanocomposite using chitosan and green tea (CS-GTE NC) as an ecofriendly nanopriming agent to elicit salt stress tolerance through priming imprints. The CS-GTE NC-primed (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06%), hydroprimed and non-primed (control) wheat seeds were germinated under normal and salt stress (150 mM NaCl) conditions. The seedlings developed from aforesaid seeds were used for physiological, biochemical and germination studies. The priming treatments increased protein contents (10-12%), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a (4-6%), Chl b (34-36%), Total Chl (7-14%) and upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26-42%), POD (22-43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions. It also reduced MDA contents (65-75%) and regulated ROS production resulting in improved membrane stability. The priming-mediated alterations in biochemical attributes resulted in improved final germination (20-22%), vigor (4-11%) and germination index (6-13%) under both conditions. It reduced mean germination time significantly, establishing the stress-insulating role of the nanocomposite. The improvement of germination parameters validated the stimulation of priming memory in composite-treated seeds. CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment of seeds with nanocomposite enables them to counter salinity at the seedling development stage by means of priming memory warranting sustainable plant growth and high crop productivity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased protein content in wheat seedlings under salt stress by 10-12%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10-12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming treatments increased protein contents (10-12%), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a (4-6%), Chl b (34-36%), Total Chl (7-14%) and upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26-42%), POD (22-43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased chlorophyll a in wheat seedlings under salt stress by 4-6%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Chl ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4-6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming treatments increased protein contents (10-12%), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a (4-6%), Chl b (34-36%), Total Chl (7-14%) and upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26-42%), POD (22-43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased chlorophyll b in wheat seedlings under salt stress by 34-36%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Chl be0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34-36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming treatments increased protein contents (10-12%), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a (4-6%), Chl b (34-36%), Total Chl (7-14%) and upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26-42%), POD (22-43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased total chlorophyll in wheat seedlings under salt stress by 7-14%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- priming treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Total Chle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7-14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming treatments increased protein contents (10-12%), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a (4-6%), Chl b (34-36%), Total Chl (7-14%) and upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26-42%), POD (22-43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming upregulated CAT in wheat seedlings under salt stress by 26-42%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26-42%), POD (22-43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions”
t0“Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming upregulated POD in wheat seedlings under salt stress by 22-43%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated the machinery of antioxidants (CAT (26-42%), POD (22-43%)) in wheat seedlings under stress conditions”
t0“Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming reduced MDA content in wheat seedlings under salt stress by 65-75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nanoprimingt0
- Outcome
- MDA contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 65-75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also reduced MDA contents (65-75%) and regulated ROS production resulting in improved membrane stability.”
t0“Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming regulated ROS production and improved membrane stability in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- membrane stabilitye0
- Qualifier
- regulated ROS productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regulated ROS production resulting in improved membrane stability”
t0“Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved final germination by 20-22% under normal and salt stress conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- priming-mediated alterationse0
- Outcome
- final germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 20-22%e0
- Qualifier
- under both conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming-mediated alterations in biochemical attributes resulted in improved final germination (20-22%), vigor (4-11%) and germination index (6-13%) under both conditions.”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved vigor by 4-11% under normal and salt stress conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- priming-mediated alterationse0
- Outcome
- vigore0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 4-11%e0
- Qualifier
- under both conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming-mediated alterations in biochemical attributes resulted in improved final germination (20-22%), vigor (4-11%) and germination index (6-13%) under both conditions.”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved germination index by 6-13% under normal and salt stress conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- priming-mediated alterationse0
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 6-13%e0
- Qualifier
- under both conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The priming-mediated alterations in biochemical attributes resulted in improved final germination (20-22%), vigor (4-11%) and germination index (6-13%) under both conditions.”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming significantly reduced mean germination time.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nanoprimingt0
- Outcome
- mean germination timee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It reduced mean germination time significantly”
t0“Nanopriming-mediated memory imprints reduce salt toxicity in wheat seedlings”
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