Abstract
Zinc is an essential element that is also renowned for widespread contamination and toxicity at high concentrations. The present study was carried out to analyze the responses induced by lower, as well as higher, doses of zinc (0-200 mg/L), in the form of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in wheat and maize, for a period of 21 days. Accumulation of zinc increases with increasing Zn doses in both wheat and maize, with higher doses being in wheat (121 mg/kg in root and 66 mg/kg in shoot) than in maize (95 mg/kg in root and 48 mg/kg in shoot). The activity of alpha-amylase showed increase, while that of dehydrogenase decline, in response to ZnO NPs. The length and biomass of plants and photosynthetic pigments increased slightly upon ZnO NPs supply. Malondialdehyde content showed a progressive increase in root and shoot of both plants. However, in response, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase) showed increase up to lower concentrations (100 mg/L) of ZnO NPs but decline variably at higher levels (150-200 mg/L) in wheat and maize. The results suggest that lower supply of ZnO NPs (100 mg/L) could be stimulatory to the growth of plants and can be recommended as a Zn fertilizer source for crop production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Root zinc accumulation with increasing Zn doses was higher in wheat (121 mg/kg) than in maize (95 mg/kg).
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- increasing Zn dosese1
- Outcome
- Accumulation of zince1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 121 mg/kge1
- Qualifier
- 95 mg/kg in roote1
- Comparator
- maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e1“Accumulation of zinc increases with increasing Zn doses in both wheat and maize, with higher doses being in wheat (121 mg/kg in root and 66 mg/kg in shoot) than in maize (95 mg/kg in root and 48 mg/kg in shoot)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot zinc accumulation with increasing Zn doses was higher in wheat (66 mg/kg) than in maize (48 mg/kg).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- increasing Zn dosese1
- Outcome
- Accumulation of zince1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 66 mg/kge1
- Qualifier
- 48 mg/kg in shoote1
- Comparator
- maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e1“Accumulation of zinc increases with increasing Zn doses in both wheat and maize, with higher doses being in wheat (121 mg/kg in root and 66 mg/kg in shoot) than in maize (95 mg/kg in root and 48 mg/kg in shoot)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased the activity of alpha-amylase in wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivum
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- ZnO NPse2
- Outcome
- activity of alpha-amylasee2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e2“The activity of alpha-amylase showed increase, while that of dehydrogenase decline, in response to ZnO NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs decreased dehydrogenase in wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse2
- Outcome
- dehydrogenasee2
- Direction
- declinee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e2“The activity of alpha-amylase showed increase, while that of dehydrogenase decline, in response to ZnO NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs slightly increased length, biomass and photosynthetic pigments of wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse3
- Outcome
- length and biomass of plants and photosynthetic pigmentse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- slightlye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e3“The length and biomass of plants and photosynthetic pigments increased slightly upon ZnO NPs supply”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs progressively increased malondialdehyde content in root and shoot of wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Organ / stage
- root and shoote4
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse3
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde contente4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- progressivee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e3“The length and biomass of plants and photosynthetic pigments increased slightly upon ZnO NPs supply”
e4“Malondialdehyde content showed a progressive increase in root and shoot of both plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzymes increased at lower ZnO NP concentrations (100 mg/L) in wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- lower concentrations (100 mg/L)e5
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e5“However, in response, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase) showed increase up to lower concentrations (100 mg/L) of ZnO NPs but decline variably at higher levels (150-200 mg/L) in wheat and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzymes declined variably at higher ZnO NP levels (150-200 mg/L) in wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- higher levels (150-200 mg/L)e5
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese5
- Direction
- declinee5
- Qualifier
- variablye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e5“However, in response, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase) showed increase up to lower concentrations (100 mg/L) of ZnO NPs but decline variably at higher levels (150-200 mg/L) in wheat and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
A lower ZnO NP supply (100 mg/L) can be recommended as a Zn fertilizer source for crop production.
- Taxon
- Wheat and MaizeTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- lower supply of ZnO NPs (100 mg/L)e6
- Outcome
- a Zn fertilizer source for crop productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat and Maize”
e6“The results suggest that lower supply of ZnO NPs (100 mg/L) could be stimulatory to the growth of plants and can be recommended as a Zn fertilizer source for crop production”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.