Abstract
Salinity-calcium interactions, which have been shown to be important in plants grown in dryland saline soils of the Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Sabahia, Alexandria, were studied in two species differing in salt tolerance. In solution culture, wheat showed a greater reduction in growth and a higher incidence of foliar Ca deficiency symptoms than barley when grown under MgSO4 or Na2SO4 plus MgSO4 salt stress. Amendment of the saline solution with Ca to increase the Ca/(Na+Mg) ratio ameliorated the effects of salt, but more so in wheat than in barley. At least part of the difference in salt tolerance between the two species must therefore relate to species differences in the interaction of salinity and Ca nutrition. The greater response of wheat to Ca was not due to a lower Ca status in leaf tissue; on the contrary, although Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in both species, salinized wheat had equivalent or higher calcium content, and higher Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios than did barley. The higher calcium requirement of wheat is apparently specific to a saline situation; at low salinity, wheat growth was not reduced as extensively as that of barley as Ca/(Na+Mg) ratio was decreased. High night-time humidity dramatically improved wheat growth under saline conditions, but increasing the calcium concentration of the saline solution had no effect on growth in the high humidity treatment. Membrane leakage from leaf tissue of wheat grown under saline conditions was increased compared to tissue from non-saline plants. Plants grown in Ca-amended saline solutions showed no increase in membrane leakage. These results confirm the importance of calcium interaction with salinity stress, and indicate difference in species response.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, wheat showed a greater reduction in growth than barley.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- MgSO4 or Na2SO4 plus MgSO4 salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- greater reductione0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In solution culture, wheat showed a greater reduction in growth and a higher incidence of foliar Ca deficiency symptoms than barley when grown under MgSO4 or Na2SO4 plus MgSO4 salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, wheat had a higher incidence of foliar Ca deficiency symptoms than barley.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- MgSO4 or Na2SO4 plus MgSO4 salt stresse0
- Outcome
- incidence of foliar Ca deficiency symptomse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In solution culture, wheat showed a greater reduction in growth and a higher incidence of foliar Ca deficiency symptoms than barley when grown under MgSO4 or Na2SO4 plus MgSO4 salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Amending the saline solution with Ca ameliorated the effects of salt in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Amendment of the saline solution with Cae0
- Outcome
- effects of salte0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amendment of the saline solution with Ca to increase the Ca/(Na+Mg) ratio ameliorated the effects of salt, but more so in wheat than in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The ameliorating effect of Ca amendment on salt effects was greater in wheat than in barley.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Amendment of the saline solution with Cae0
- Outcome
- effects of salte0
- Direction
- more soe0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amendment of the saline solution with Ca to increase the Ca/(Na+Mg) ratio ameliorated the effects of salt, but more so in wheat than in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Part of the salt tolerance difference between wheat and barley likely relates to species differences in the interaction of salinity and Ca nutrition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- difference in salt tolerance between the two speciese1
- Qualifier
- interaction of salinity and Ca nutritione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In solution culture, wheat showed a greater reduction in growth and a higher incidence of foliar Ca deficiency symptoms than barley when grown under MgSO4 or Na2SO4 plus MgSO4 salt stress”
e1“At least part of the difference in salt tolerance between the two species must therefore relate to species differences in the interaction of salinity and Ca nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinized wheat had equivalent or higher calcium content than barley.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- salinizede0
- Outcome
- calcium contente0
- Direction
- equivalent or highere0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in both species, salinized wheat had equivalent or higher calcium content, and higher Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios than did barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinized wheat had higher Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in tissue than barley.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- salinizede0
- Outcome
- Ca/(Na+Mg) ratiose0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in both species, salinized wheat had equivalent or higher calcium content, and higher Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios than did barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ca amendmentse1
- Outcome
- tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratiose1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in both species, salinized wheat had equivalent or higher calcium content, and higher Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios than did barley”
e1“Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in barley.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Ca amendmentse1
- Outcome
- tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratiose1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“although Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in both species, salinized wheat had equivalent or higher calcium content, and higher Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios than did barley”
e1“Ca amendments improved tissue Ca/(Na+Mg) ratios in both species”
Claim · model-written summary
At low salinity, wheat growth was not reduced as extensively as barley growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low salinitye0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- not reduced as extensivelye0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at low salinity, wheat growth was not reduced as extensively as that of barley as Ca/(Na+Mg) ratio was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
High night-time humidity dramatically improved wheat growth under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- High night-time humiditye0
- Outcome
- wheat growthe0
- Direction
- dramatically improvede0
- Comparator
- saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High night-time humidity dramatically improved wheat growth under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the calcium concentration of the saline solution had no effect on wheat growth in high humidity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing the calcium concentration of the saline solutione1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- had no effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High night-time humidity dramatically improved wheat growth under saline conditions”
e1“increasing the calcium concentration of the saline solution had no effect on growth in the high humidity treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane leakage from wheat leaf tissue increased under saline conditions compared with non-saline plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse0
- Outcome
- Membrane leakage from leaf tissuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-saline plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Membrane leakage from leaf tissue of wheat grown under saline conditions was increased compared to tissue from non-saline plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants grown in Ca-amended saline solutions showed no increase in membrane leakage.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Ca-amended saline solutionse0
- Outcome
- membrane leakagee0
- Direction
- no increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in Ca-amended saline solutions showed no increase in membrane leakage”
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